Bordoagni Giulia, Fino Edita, Agostini Alessandro
Infermi Hospital of Rimini, 47923 Rimini, Italy.
Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Nov 18;9(11):1576. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9111576.
(1) Background. In caretaking professions, attachment style and mentalization capacities are essential factors for establishing an effective caretaker-patient relationship and for buffering burnout. While attachment avoidance and dependency are considered risk factors for burnout, impairment in mentalization capacity is associated with psychological distress and ineffective emotion regulation. (2) Objective: Evaluating the attachment style and mentalization capacity in nurse professionals and nursing students. We further investigated the impact of these factors on burnout in professional nurses. (3) Method: 94 nursing students and 94 controls and 34 professional nurses completed the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) and the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ). For professional nurses, the Maslach's Burnout Inventory (MBI) was also administered. (4) Results: Nursing students exhibited lower scores in secure attachment and higher scores in anxiety over relationships compared to controls while no difference in mentalization capacity was found between both groups. Importantly, attachment anxiety resulted a significant predictor of burnout in professional nurses. (5) Conclusions: Nursing students might compensate their attachment insecurity with high mentalization. Attachment security may play a protective role against burnout in the professional nurses. Education programs aimed at enhancing mentalizing abilities might facilitate nursing students' entrance in the forthcoming clinical environment and practice. Implementing training strategies based on attachment theory may contribute to burnout prevention in nurse professionals.
(1) 背景。在护理职业中，依恋风格和心理化能力是建立有效的护患关系以及缓解职业倦怠的关键因素。虽然回避依恋和依赖被视为职业倦怠的风险因素，但心理化能力受损与心理困扰和无效的情绪调节有关。(2) 目的：评估护士专业人员和护理专业学生的依恋风格和心理化能力。我们进一步研究了这些因素对职业护士职业倦怠的影响。(3) 方法：94名护理专业学生、94名对照组人员和34名职业护士完成了依恋风格问卷 (ASQ) 和反思功能问卷 (RFQ)。对于职业护士，还进行了马氏职业倦怠量表 (MBI) 的测试。(4) 结果：与对照组相比，护理专业学生在安全依恋方面得分较低，在人际关系焦虑方面得分较高，而两组在心理化能力方面没有差异。重要的是，依恋焦虑是职业护士职业倦怠的一个重要预测因素。(5) 结论：护理专业学生可能通过高度的心理化来弥补他们的依恋不安全感。依恋安全感可能对职业护士的职业倦怠起到保护作用。旨在提高心理化能力的教育项目可能有助于护理专业学生融入即将到来的临床环境和实践。基于依恋理论实施培训策略可能有助于预防护士专业人员的职业倦怠。
