Pintathong Punyawatt, Chomnunti Putarak, Sangthong Sarita, Jirarat Areeya, Chaiwut Phanuphong
Green Cosmetic Technology Research Group, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
School of Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
J Fungi (Basel). 2021 Nov 16;7(11):973. doi: 10.3390/jof7110973.
Solid-based residues (SBRs) left from harvesting the fruiting bodies of cultured mushrooms are a challenge to sustainability. Therefore, in this study, the SBRs from the cultivation of () via solid-state fermentation (SSF) were employed to prepare crude extracts, with the aim of considering their possible use in cosmetics. The SBRs obtained from cultivation with solid media containing defatted rice bran mixed with barley, white rice, Riceberry rice, and wheat were named SBR-B, SBR-R, SBR-Rb, and SRB-W, respectively. They were extracted with solvents of differing polarity and then evaluated for their total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total carbohydrate content (TCC). In addition, antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities, photoprotection, and cytotoxicity were also assessed. The results revealed that the total bioactive contents and biological capacities of crude SBR extracts were significantly influenced by the types of SBR and extraction solvent ( < 0.05). The SBR-B extracted with hot water exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (66.62 ± 2.10, 212.00 ± 3.43, and 101.62 ± 4.42 mg TEAC/g extract) when assayed by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods, respectively, whereas tyrosinase inhibitory activity (51.13 ± 1.11 mg KAE/g extract) with 90.43 ± 1.96% inhibition at 1 mg/mL was excellently achieved by SBR-Rb extracted by 50% (/) ethanol. Correlations between bioactive contents in the crude extracts and their biological activities were mostly proven at a strong level ( < 0.01). The capability of the crude extracts to absorb UV over the range of 290-330 nm disclosed their potential roles as natural UV absorbers and boosters. Cytotoxicity analysis using fibroblast cell lines tested with hot water and 50% (/) ethanolic SBR extracts demonstrated safe use within a concentration range of 0.001-10 mg/mL. Interestingly, their fibroblast proliferative capacity, indicating anti-aging properties, was highly promoted. The chemical composition analyzed via LC-MS/MS techniques showed that seven phenolic acids and four flavonoids were identified in the crude SBR extracts. Furthermore, the other compounds present included nucleosides, nucleobases, amino acids, sugars, phospholipids, alkaloids, organic acids, vitamins, and peptides. Therefore, it is emphasized that SBRs from can be a prospective source for preparing crude extracts employed in cosmetics. Lastly, they could be further utilized as multifunctional ingredients in cosmetics and cosmeceuticals.
栽培蘑菇收获子实体后留下的固体残渣（SBRs）对可持续性构成挑战。因此，在本研究中，通过固态发酵（SSF）从（）栽培中获得的SBRs被用于制备粗提物，目的是考虑其在化妆品中的可能用途。从含有脱脂米糠与大麦、白米、红米和小麦混合的固体培养基栽培中获得的SBRs分别命名为SBR - B、SBR - R、SBR - Rb和SRB - W。它们用不同极性的溶剂提取，然后评估其总酚含量（TPC）、总黄酮含量（TFC）和总碳水化合物含量（TCC）。此外，还评估了抗氧化和酪氨酸酶抑制活性、光保护作用和细胞毒性。结果表明，SBR的类型和提取溶剂对粗SBR提取物的总生物活性成分和生物能力有显著影响（<0.05）。分别用DPPH、ABTS和FRAP法测定时，用热水提取的SBR - B表现出最高的抗氧化活性（分别为66.62±2.10、212.00±3.43和101.62±4.42 mg TEAC/g提取物），而用50%（v/v）乙醇提取的SBR - Rb在1 mg/mL时酪氨酸酶抑制活性（51.13±1.11 mg KAE/g提取物）达到90.43±1.96%的优异抑制率。粗提取物中的生物活性成分与其生物活性之间的相关性大多在强水平得到证实（<0.01）。粗提取物在290 - 330 nm范围内吸收紫外线的能力揭示了它们作为天然紫外线吸收剂和增强剂的潜在作用。使用成纤维细胞系对热水和50%（v/v）乙醇SBR提取物进行细胞毒性分析表明，在0.001 - 10 mg/mL的浓度范围内使用是安全的。有趣的是，它们促进成纤维细胞增殖的能力表明具有抗衰老特性，得到了高度提升。通过LC - MS/MS技术分析的化学成分表明，在粗SBR提取物中鉴定出七种酚酸和四种黄酮类化合物。此外，还存在其他化合物，包括核苷、核碱基、氨基酸、糖、磷脂、生物碱、有机酸、维生素和肽。因此，强调来自（）的SBRs可以是制备用于化妆品的粗提物的潜在来源。最后，它们可以进一步用作化妆品和药妆品中的多功能成分。
