Gu Qin, Yang Yang, Yuan Qiming, Shi Guangming, Wu Liming, Lou Zhiying, Huo Rong, Wu Huijun, Borriss Rainer, Gao Xuewen
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2017 Sep 15;83(19). doi: 10.1128/AEM.01075-17. Print 2017 Oct 1.
(teleomorph: Ascomycota, Hypocreales, , ) is a destructive fungal pathogen that threatens the production and quality of wheat and barley worldwide. Controlling this toxin-producing pathogen is a significant challenge. In the present study, the commercially available strain (, , , ) FZB42 showed strong activity against The lipopeptide bacillomycin D, produced by FZB42, was shown to contribute to the antifungal activity. Purified bacillomycin D showed strong activity against , and its 50% effective concentration was determined to be approximately 30 μg/ml. Analyses using scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that bacillomycin D caused morphological changes in the plasma membranes and cell walls of hyphae and conidia. Fluorescence microscopy combined with different dyes showed that bacillomycin D induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and caused cell death in hyphae and conidia. secondary metabolism also responded to bacillomycin D challenge, by increasing the production of deoxynivalenol. Biological control experiments demonstrated that bacillomycin D exerted good control of on corn silks, wheat seedlings, and wheat heads. In response to bacillomycin D, genes involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species were downregulated, whereas genes involved in the synthesis of deoxynivalenol were upregulated. Phosphorylation of MGV1 and HOG1, the mitogen-activated protein kinases of , was increased in response to bacillomycin D. Taken together, these findings reveal the mechanism of the antifungal action of bacillomycin D. Biological control of plant disease caused by is desirable. FZB42 is a representative of the biocontrol bacterial strains. In this work, the lipopeptide bacillomycin D, produced by FZB42, showed strong fungicidal activity against Bacillomycin D caused morphological changes in the plasma membrane and cell wall of , induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately caused cell death in Interestingly, when was challenged with bacillomycin D, the deoxynivalenol production, gene expression, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and pathogenicity of were significantly altered. These findings clarified the mechanisms of the activity of bacillomycin D against and highlighted the potential of FZB42 as a biocontrol agent against .
（有性型：子囊菌门，肉座菌目， ， ）是一种具有破坏性的真菌病原体，威胁着全球小麦和大麦的产量和质量。控制这种产生毒素的病原体是一项重大挑战。在本研究中，市售菌株（ ， ， ， ）FZB42对 表现出强大活性。FZB42产生的脂肽杆菌霉素D被证明有助于抗真菌活性。纯化的杆菌霉素D对 表现出强大活性，其50%有效浓度测定约为30μg/ml。使用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜分析表明，杆菌霉素D导致 菌丝和分生孢子的质膜和细胞壁发生形态变化。荧光显微镜结合不同染料显示，杆菌霉素D诱导活性氧积累并导致 菌丝和分生孢子细胞死亡。 的次生代谢也对杆菌霉素D的挑战做出反应，通过增加脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的产生。生物防治实验表明，杆菌霉素D对玉米花丝、小麦幼苗和麦穗上的 具有良好的防治效果。响应杆菌霉素D， 中参与清除活性氧的基因被下调，而参与脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇合成的基因被上调。 的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶MGV1和HOG1的磷酸化响应杆菌霉素D而增加。综上所述，这些发现揭示了杆菌霉素D的抗真菌作用机制。由 引起的植物病害的生物防治是可取的。FZB42是生物防治细菌菌株的代表。在这项工作中，FZB42产生的脂肽杆菌霉素D对 表现出强大的杀菌活性。杆菌霉素D导致 的质膜和细胞壁发生形态变化，诱导活性氧积累，并最终导致 细胞死亡。有趣的是，当 受到杆菌霉素D挑战时， 的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇产生、基因表达、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶磷酸化和致病性均发生显著改变。这些发现阐明了杆菌霉素D对 的活性机制，并突出了FZB42作为防治 的生物防治剂的潜力。
