Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Nov 11;18(22):11818. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182211818.
Depression is a common mental illness among Chinese adolescents. Although the Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) has been widely used in diverse populations, the reported factor structures are inconsistent, and its longitudinal invariance is under-researched. This study examined the psychometric properties and factorial invariance across gender and time of the CES-D among Chinese adolescents. Adolescents aged above 11 years from five schools in Chengdu responded to a questionnaire at Wave 1 ( = 5690). Among them, 4981 participants completed the same questionnaire after six months (Wave 2). The matched sample was composed of 4922 students (51.5% were girls; mean age = 13.15 years) at Wave 1. We used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the factor structure and performed multi-group CFA to test the factorial invariance across gender and time. A three-factor solution was identified, including "positive affect", "somatic complaints", and "depressed affect". Results of multi-group CFA comparisons supported the factorial invariance of the resultant three-factor solution. Using a new sample of Chinese adolescents in Southwestern China, the present study reproduced earlier findings on adolescents in other areas in China. This study has implications for depression assessment and research in Chinese adolescents.
抑郁是中国青少年中常见的一种精神疾病。尽管流行病学研究抑郁量表 (CES-D) 已广泛应用于不同人群，但报告的因子结构不一致，其纵向不变性研究不足。本研究考察了 CES-D 在性别和时间上对中国青少年的心理测量特性和因子不变性。来自成都五所学校的 11 岁以上青少年在第 1 波（n=5690）时回答了一份问卷。其中，4981 名参与者在六个月后（第 2 波）完成了相同的问卷。匹配样本由 4922 名学生组成（51.5%为女生；平均年龄=13.15 岁），他们在第 1 波时完成了问卷。我们使用探索性因子分析（EFA）和验证性因子分析（CFA）来检验因子结构，并进行多组 CFA 以检验性别和时间上的因子不变性。确定了一个三因素解决方案，包括“积极情绪”、“躯体症状”和“抑郁情绪”。多组 CFA 比较的结果支持了三因素解决方案的因子不变性。本研究使用中国西南部青少年的新样本复制了先前在中国其他地区青少年的研究结果。本研究对中国青少年的抑郁评估和研究具有启示意义。
