Kim Yujin, Son Kuk Hui, Lee Jin Woo
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 21, Namdong-daero 774 Beon-gil, Incheon 21565, Korea.
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 21, Namdong-daero 774 Beon-gil, Incheon 21565, Korea.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Nov 12;14(22):6821. doi: 10.3390/ma14226821.
An auxetic structure utilizing a negative Poisson's ratio, which can expand transversally when axially expanded under tensional force, has not yet been studied in the tissue engineering and biomedical area. However, the recent advent of new technologies, such as additive manufacturing or 3D printing, has showed prospective results aimed at producing three-dimensional structures. Auxetic structures are fabricated by additive manufacturing, soft lithography, machining technology, compressed foaming, and textile fabrication using various biomaterials, including poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate), polyurethane, poly(lactic-glycolic acid), chitosan, hydroxyapatite, and using a hard material such as a silicon wafer. After fabricating the scaffold with an auxetic effect, researchers have cultured fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myoblasts, and various stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, and embryonic stem cells. Additionally, they have shown new possibilities as scaffolds through tissue engineering by cell proliferation, migration, alignment, differentiation, and target tissue regeneration. In addition, auxetic structures and their unique deformation characteristics have been explored in several biomedical devices, including implants, stents, and surgical screws. Although still in the early stages, the auxetic structure, which can create mechanical properties tailored to natural tissue by changing the internal architecture of the structure, is expected to show an improved tissue reconstruction ability. In addition, continuous research at the cellular level using the auxetic micro and nano-environment could provide a breakthrough for tissue reconstruction.
一种利用负泊松比的拉胀结构，在拉力作用下轴向膨胀时能够横向扩张，在组织工程和生物医学领域尚未得到研究。然而，增材制造或3D打印等新技术的出现，已显示出在制造三维结构方面的预期成果。拉胀结构通过增材制造、软光刻、加工技术、压缩发泡以及使用包括聚（乙二醇二丙烯酸酯）、聚氨酯、聚（乳酸-乙醇酸）、壳聚糖、羟基磷灰石等各种生物材料以及使用硅片等硬质材料的纺织制造来制备。在用具有拉胀效应的材料制备支架后，研究人员培养了成纤维细胞、成骨细胞、软骨细胞、成肌细胞以及包括间充质干细胞、骨髓干细胞和胚胎干细胞在内的各种干细胞。此外，它们通过细胞增殖、迁移、排列、分化和靶组织再生在组织工程中作为支架展现出了新的可能性。此外，在包括植入物、支架和手术螺钉在内的几种生物医学装置中也探索了拉胀结构及其独特的变形特性。尽管仍处于早期阶段，但通过改变结构的内部架构能够创造出与天然组织相匹配的机械性能的拉胀结构，有望展现出更强的组织重建能力。此外，利用拉胀微纳环境在细胞水平上的持续研究可能为组织重建提供突破。
