Department of Electrical, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5, Canada.
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Nov 19;21(22):7712. doi: 10.3390/s21227712.
In an effort to reach accident-free milestones or drastically reduce/eliminate road fatalities rates and traffic congestion and to create disruptive, transformational mobility systems and services, different parties (e.g., automakers, universities, governments, and road traffic regulators) have collaborated to research, develop, and test connected vehicle (CV) technologies. CVs create new data-rich environments and are considered key enablers for many applications and services that will make our roads safer, less congested, and more eco-friendly. A deeper understanding of the CV technologies will pave the way to avoid setbacks and will help in developing more innovative applications and breakthroughs. In the CV paradigm, vehicles become smarter by communicating with nearby vehicles, connected infrastructure, and the surroundings. This connectivity will be substantial to support different features and systems, such as adaptive routing, real-time navigation, and slow and near real-time infrastructure. Further examples include environmental sensing, advanced driver-assistance systems, automated driving systems, mobility on demand, and mobility as a service. This article provides a comprehensive review on CV technologies including fundamental challenges, state-of-the-art enabling technologies, innovative applications, and potential opportunities that can benefit automakers, customers, and businesses. The current standardization efforts of the forefront enabling technologies, such as Wi-Fi 6 and 5G-cellular technologies are also reviewed. Different challenges in terms of cooperative computation, privacy/security, and over-the-air updates are discussed. Safety and non-safety applications are described and possible future opportunities that CV technology brings to our life are also highlighted.
为了达到无事故的里程碑，或者大幅降低/消除道路交通死亡率和交通拥堵，以及创建颠覆性、变革性的移动系统和服务，不同的利益相关方（如汽车制造商、大学、政府和道路交通监管机构）已经合作研究、开发和测试车对车（CV）技术。CV 技术创造了新的数据丰富环境，被认为是许多应用和服务的关键推动者，这些应用和服务将使我们的道路更安全、不那么拥堵、更加环保。对 CV 技术有更深入的了解将为避免挫折铺平道路，并有助于开发更多创新的应用和突破。在 CV 范式中，车辆通过与附近的车辆、互联的基础设施和周围环境进行通信而变得更加智能。这种连接对于支持不同的功能和系统非常重要，例如自适应路由、实时导航、以及慢速和近实时基础设施。其他示例包括环境感应、先进的驾驶员辅助系统、自动驾驶系统、按需移动性和移动即服务。本文对 CV 技术进行了全面综述，包括基本挑战、最先进的使能技术、创新应用以及潜在的机会，这些都将使汽车制造商、客户和企业受益。本文还回顾了 Wi-Fi 6 和 5G 蜂窝技术等前沿使能技术的当前标准化工作。讨论了协作计算、隐私/安全和空中更新方面的不同挑战。描述了安全和非安全应用，并强调了 CV 技术给我们生活带来的可能的未来机会。
