Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Food Safety, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85764 München, Germany.
Chair of Virology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 München, Germany.
Viruses. 2021 Oct 28;13(11):2176. doi: 10.3390/v13112176.
In recent years, a variety of circular replicase-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA viruses and unclassified virus-like DNA elements have been discovered in a broad range of animal species and environmental samples. Key questions to be answered concern their presence in the human diet and their potential impact on disease emergence. Especially DNA elements termed bovine meat and milk factors (BMMF) are suspected to act as co-factors in the development of colon and breast cancer. To expand our knowledge on the occurrence of these potential pathogens in human nutrition, a total of 73 sheep and 40 goat milk samples were assayed by combining rolling circle amplification (RCA), PCR and Sanger sequencing. The present study further includes retail milk from the aforementioned species. We recovered 15 single stranded (ss) circular genomes. Of those, nine belong to the family and six are members of the unclassified group of BMMF. Thus, dairy sheep and goats add to dispersal of CRESS viruses and circular ssDNA elements, which enter the food chain via milk. The presence of these entities is therefore more widespread in than initially assumed and seems to be part of the common human nutrition.
近年来，在广泛的动物物种和环境样本中发现了多种环状复制酶编码的单链 (CRESS) DNA 病毒和未分类的类似病毒的 DNA 元件。需要回答的关键问题是它们在人类饮食中的存在及其对疾病出现的潜在影响。特别是被称为牛肉和牛奶因子 (BMMF) 的 DNA 元件被怀疑是结肠癌和乳腺癌发展的协同因子。为了扩大我们对这些潜在病原体在人类营养中存在的认识，通过结合滚环扩增 (RCA)、PCR 和 Sanger 测序，共检测了 73 份绵羊和 40 份山羊奶样本。本研究还包括来自上述物种的零售牛奶。我们回收了 15 个单链 (ss) 环状基因组。其中，9 个属于科，6 个是未分类 BMMF 组的成员。因此，羊奶和山羊奶增加了 CRESS 病毒和环状 ssDNA 元件的传播，这些病毒和元素通过牛奶进入食物链。因此，这些实体在比最初假设的更广泛的范围内存在，并且似乎是常见人类营养的一部分。
