International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, Nairobi P.O. Box 823-00621, Kenya.
Nutrients. 2021 Oct 21;13(11):3701. doi: 10.3390/nu13113701.
The common bean is a nutrient-dense food empirically known to have beneficial effects on human health. Many studies have looked at the effects of "pulses" on different health issues, providing general overviews of the importance of each pulse in health studies. This study systematically reviews and provides meta-analyses of the effect of bean extract as a supplement or whole bean on four health issues (cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cancers) from a dissection of clinical and randomized controlled trials using human subjects. A digital search in PubMed and Google Scholar resulted in 340 articles, with only 23 peer-reviewed articles matching our inclusion criteria. Findings indicated that common beans reduced LDL cholesterol by 19 percent, risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by 11 percent, and coronary heart disease (CHD) by 22 percent. Besides this, we noted variances in the literature on cancer findings, with some authors stating it reduced the proliferation of some kinds of tumor cells and reduced the growth of polyps, while others did not specifically examine cancers but the predisposing factors alone. However, diabetes studies indicated that the postprandial glucose level at the peak of 60 min for common bean consumers was low (mean difference = -2.01; 95% CI [-4.6, -0.63]), but the difference between the treated and control was not significant, and there was a high level of heterogeneity among studies (I = 98%). Only obesity studies indicated a significantly high level of weight gain among control groups (mean difference = 1.62; 95% CI [0.37, 2.86]). There is a need for additional clinical trials using a standardized measure to indicate the real effect of the common bean on health.
菜豆是一种营养密集型食物，经验证对人类健康有有益影响。许多研究都着眼于“豆类”对不同健康问题的影响，为每一种豆类在健康研究中的重要性提供了总体概述。本研究通过对人体临床和随机对照试验的分析，系统地综述和提供了豆类提取物作为补充剂或整豆对心血管疾病、糖尿病、肥胖和癌症这四种健康问题的影响的荟萃分析。在 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 上进行数字搜索，共得到 340 篇文章，但只有 23 篇经过同行评审的文章符合我们的纳入标准。研究结果表明，普通菜豆可使 LDL 胆固醇降低 19%，心血管疾病风险降低 11%，冠心病风险降低 22%。除此之外，我们注意到关于癌症发现的文献中存在差异，一些作者指出它可以减少某些类型的肿瘤细胞的增殖并减少息肉的生长，而另一些作者则没有专门研究癌症，而是单独研究了促成因素。然而，糖尿病研究表明，食用普通菜豆后 60 分钟时的餐后血糖峰值较低（平均差异=-2.01；95%置信区间[-4.6，-0.63]），但治疗组和对照组之间的差异不显著，且研究之间存在高度异质性（I=98%）。只有肥胖研究表明，对照组的体重增加幅度显著较高（平均差异=1.62；95%置信区间[0.37，2.86]）。需要进行更多的临床试验，使用标准化的衡量标准来表明普通菜豆对健康的实际影响。
