Computer Systems Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Nutrients. 2021 Oct 27;13(11):3826. doi: 10.3390/nu13113826.
Dietary fibre has proven to promote healthy body mass and reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases. To date, in Slovenia, there were only a few outdated studies of dietary fibre intake; therefore, we explored the dietary fibre intake using food consumption data collected in the SI.Menu project. Following the EU Menu methodology, data were collected on representative samples of adolescents, adults, and elderlies using a general questionnaire, a food propensity questionnaire, and two 24 h recalls. The results indicate that the intake of dietary fibre in Slovenia is lower than recommended. The proportion of the population with inadequate fibre intakes (<30 g/day) was 90.6% in adolescents, 89.6% in adults, and 83.9% in elderlies, while mean daily fibre intakes were 19.5, 20.9, and 22.4 g, respectively. Significant determinants for inadequate dietary fibre intake were sex in adolescents and adults, and body mass index in adults. The main food groups contributing to dietary fibre intake were bread and other grain products, vegetables and fruits, with significant differences between population groups. Contribution of fruits and vegetables to mean daily dietary fibre intake was highest in elderlies (11.6 g), followed by adults (10.6 g) and adolescents (8.5 g). Public health strategies, such as food reformulation, promoting whole-meal alternatives, consuming whole foods of plant origin, and careful planning of school meals could beneficially contribute to the overall dietary fibre intake in the population.
膳食纤维已被证明可促进健康的体重，并降低非传染性疾病的风险。迄今为止，在斯洛文尼亚，仅有少数过时的膳食纤维摄入量研究；因此，我们使用在 SI.Menu 项目中收集的食物消费数据来研究膳食纤维的摄入量。按照欧盟 Menu 方法，通过一般问卷、食物偏好问卷和两次 24 小时回忆，在青少年、成年人和老年人的代表性样本中收集数据。结果表明，斯洛文尼亚的膳食纤维摄入量低于建议量。膳食纤维摄入量不足（<30 克/天）的人群比例在青少年中为 90.6%，成年人中为 89.6%，老年人中为 83.9%，而平均每日膳食纤维摄入量分别为 19.5、20.9 和 22.4 克。青少年和成年人中膳食纤维摄入不足的主要决定因素是性别，成年人中是体重指数。膳食纤维摄入量的主要食物来源是面包和其他谷物产品、蔬菜和水果，不同人群之间存在显著差异。水果和蔬菜对每日平均膳食纤维摄入量的贡献在老年人中最高（11.6 克），其次是成年人（10.6 克）和青少年（8.5 克）。食品配方改革、推广全麦替代品、食用植物性全食物和精心规划学校膳食等公共卫生策略，可有益于提高人群的总体膳食纤维摄入量。
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