Sport and Exercise Science, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
National Youth Sports Institute, Singapore 397778, Singapore.
Nutrients. 2021 Nov 15;13(11):4073. doi: 10.3390/nu13114073.
There are limited data on the fluid balance characteristics and fluid replenishment behaviors of high-performance adolescent athletes. The heterogeneity of hydration status and practices of adolescent athletes warrant efficient approaches to individualizing hydration strategies. This study aimed to evaluate and characterize the hydration status and fluid balance characteristics of high-performance adolescent athletes and examine the differences in fluid consumption behaviors during training. In total, 105 high-performance adolescent athletes (male: 66, female: 39; age 14.1 ± 1.0 y) across 11 sports had their hydration status assessed on three separate occasions-upon rising and before a low and a high-intensity training session (pre-training). The results showed that 20-44% of athletes were identified as hypohydrated, with 21-44% and 15-34% of athletes commencing low- and high-intensity training in a hypohydrated state, respectively. Linear mixed model (LMM) analyses revealed that athletes who were hypohydrated consumed more fluid (F (1.183.85)) = 5.91, ( = 0.016). Additional K-means cluster analyses performed highlighted three clusters: "Heavy sweaters with sufficient compensatory hydration habits," "Heavy sweaters with insufficient compensatory hydration habits" and "Light sweaters with sufficient compensatory hydration habits". Our results highlight that high-performance adolescent athletes with ad libitum drinking have compensatory mechanisms to replenish fluids lost from training. The approach to distinguish athletes by hydration characteristics could assist practitioners in prioritizing future hydration intervention protocols.
关于优秀青少年运动员的液体平衡特征和液体补充行为，相关数据有限。青少年运动员的水合状态存在异质性，且其补水行为各异，因此需要采取有效的方法来制定个性化的补水策略。本研究旨在评估和描述优秀青少年运动员的水合状态和液体平衡特征，并考察他们在训练期间液体消耗行为的差异。共有 105 名优秀青少年运动员（男：66 名，女：39 名；年龄 14.1 ± 1.0 岁）参与了 11 项运动，他们在三个不同的时间点（起床后和低强度及高强度训练前）进行了水合状态评估（训练前）。结果表明，20%-44%的运动员处于轻度脱水状态，分别有 21%-44%和 15%-34%的运动员在低强度和高强度训练时处于轻度脱水状态。线性混合模型（LMM）分析显示，处于轻度脱水状态的运动员摄入了更多的液体（F (1.183.85)=5.91，p=0.016）。进一步的 K 均值聚类分析突出了三个聚类：“有充足代偿性补水习惯的大量出汗运动员”、“有充足代偿性补水习惯的大量出汗运动员”和“有充足代偿性补水习惯的少量出汗运动员”。我们的研究结果表明，有随意饮水习惯的优秀青少年运动员具有补充训练中流失液体的代偿机制。根据水合特征区分运动员的方法可以帮助从业人员优先考虑未来的补水干预方案。
