Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
J Virol Methods. 2022 Feb;300:114375. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114375. Epub 2021 Nov 24.
In late 2019, following the emergence of a β-originated SARS-CoV-2, phylogenetic and evolutionary approaches have been demonstrated to strengthen the diagnostic and prophylactic stratagem of COVID-19 at an unprecedented level. Despite its clinical prominence, the SARS-CoV-2 gene set remains largely irrefutable by impeding the dissection of COVID-19 biology. However, many pieces of molecular and serological evidence have predicted that SARS-CoV-2 related viruses carry their roots from bats and pangolins of South East Asia. Analysis of viral genome predicts that point mutations at a rate of 10 nucleotides per base in the receptor-binding domain allow the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 genomic variants at regular intervals. Research in the evolution of molecular pathways involved in emergence of pandemic is critical for the development of therapeutics and vaccines as well as the prevention of future zoonosis. By determining the phyletic lineages of the SARS-CoV-2 genomic variants and those of the conserved regions in the accessory and spike proteins of all the SARS-related coronaviruses, a universal vaccine against all human coronaviruses could be formulated which would revolutionize the field of medicine. This review highlighted the current development and future prospects of antiviral drugs, inhibitors, mesenchymal stem cells, passive immunization, targeted immune therapy and CRISPR-Cas-based prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against SARS-CoV-2. However, further investigations on Covid-19 pathogenesis is required for the successful fabrication of successful antivirals.
2019 年末，β 起源的 SARS-CoV-2 出现后，系统发育和进化方法已被证明能够以前所未有的水平加强 COVID-19 的诊断和预防策略。尽管 SARS-CoV-2 的基因集在临床上非常突出，但由于阻碍了 COVID-19 生物学的研究，其仍然存在很大的争议。然而，许多分子和血清学证据表明，SARS-CoV-2 相关病毒的根源来自东南亚的蝙蝠和穿山甲。病毒基因组分析表明，在受体结合域中，每个碱基发生 10 个核苷酸的点突变，使得新的 SARS-CoV-2 基因组变异每隔一段时间就会出现。研究与大流行相关的分子途径的进化对于开发治疗药物和疫苗以及预防未来的人畜共患病至关重要。通过确定 SARS-CoV-2 基因组变异的系统发育谱系以及所有 SARS 相关冠状病毒辅助和刺突蛋白中的保守区域，就可以制定出针对所有人类冠状病毒的通用疫苗，这将彻底改变医学领域。本综述强调了抗病毒药物、抑制剂、间充质干细胞、被动免疫、靶向免疫治疗以及基于 CRISPR-Cas 的预防和治疗 SARS-CoV-2 的策略的当前发展和未来前景。然而，为了成功制造有效的抗病毒药物，需要进一步研究 COVID-19 的发病机制。
