Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Chemosphere. 2022 Feb;289:133012. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133012. Epub 2021 Nov 25.
Cannabis, a genus of perennial indigenous plants is well known for its recreational and medicinal activities. Cannabis and its derivatives have potential therapeutic activities to treat epilepsy, anxiety, depression, tumors, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, to name a few. This article reviews some recent literature on the bioactive constituents of Cannabis, commonly known as phytocannabinoids, their interactions with the different cannabinoids and non-cannabinoid receptors as well as the significances of these interactions in treating various diseases and syndromes. The biochemistry of some notable cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabinol, cannabigerol, cannabichromene and their carboxylic acid derivatives is explained in the context of therapeutic activities. The medicinal features of Cannabis-derived terpenes are elucidated for treating several neuro and non-neuro disorders. Different extraction techniques to recover cannabinoids are systematically discussed. Besides the medicinal activities, the traditional and recreational utilities of Cannabis and its derivatives are presented. A brief note on the legalization of Cannabis-derived products is provided. This review provides comprehensive knowledge about the medicinal properties, recreational usage, extraction techniques, legalization and some prospects of cannabinoids and terpenes extracted from Cannabis.
大麻，一种多年生的土生植物，以其娱乐和药用活性而闻名。大麻及其衍生物具有治疗癫痫、焦虑、抑郁、肿瘤、癌症、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病等多种疾病的潜在治疗活性。本文综述了一些关于大麻的生物活性成分（通常称为植物大麻素）的最新文献，这些成分与不同的大麻素和非大麻素受体的相互作用，以及这些相互作用在治疗各种疾病和综合征中的意义。一些著名的大麻素，如四氢大麻酚、大麻二酚、大麻醇、大麻二醇、大麻色烯和它们的羧酸衍生物的生物化学，根据其治疗活性进行了解释。大麻衍生萜烯治疗多种神经和非神经疾病的药用特性也得到了阐述。系统地讨论了不同的提取技术来回收大麻素。除了药用活性外，还介绍了大麻及其衍生物的传统和娱乐用途。简要介绍了大麻衍生产品的合法化情况。本文综述了大麻中提取的大麻素和萜烯的药用特性、娱乐用途、提取技术、合法化和一些前景的综合知识。
