College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
J Control Release. 2022 Jan;341:314-328. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.035. Epub 2021 Nov 26.
Erythrocytes capture pathogens in circulation and present them to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the spleen. Senescent or apoptotic erythrocytes are physiologically eliminated by splenic APCs in a non-inflammatory manner as to not induce an immune reaction, while damaged erythrocytes tend to induce immune activation. The distinct characteristics of erythrocytes in their lifespan or different states inspire the design of targeting splenic APCs for vaccine delivery. Specifically, normal or damaged erythrocyte-driven immune targeting can induce antigen-specific immune activation, whereas senescent or apoptotic erythrocytes can be tailored to achieve antigen-specific immune tolerance. Recent studies have revealed the potential of erythrocyte-based vaccine delivery; however, there is still no in-depth review to describe the latest progress. This review summarizes the characteristics, different immune functions, and diverse vaccine delivery behaviors and biomedical applications of erythrocytes in different states. This review aims to contribute to the rational design and development of erythrocyte-based vaccine delivery systems for treating various infections, tumors, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases.
红细胞在循环中捕获病原体，并将其呈递给脾脏中的抗原呈递细胞 (APC)。衰老或凋亡的红细胞会被脾脏 APC 以非炎症的方式生理性清除，以免引起免疫反应，而受损的红细胞则容易引起免疫激活。红细胞在其寿命或不同状态下的独特特征激发了针对脾脏 APC 进行疫苗传递的设计。具体来说，正常或受损红细胞驱动的免疫靶向可以诱导抗原特异性免疫激活，而衰老或凋亡的红细胞可以被定制以实现抗原特异性免疫耐受。最近的研究揭示了基于红细胞的疫苗传递的潜力；然而，目前还没有深入的综述来描述最新的进展。本综述总结了不同状态下红细胞的特征、不同的免疫功能以及多样化的疫苗传递行为和生物医学应用。本综述旨在为基于红细胞的疫苗传递系统的合理设计和开发做出贡献，以治疗各种感染、肿瘤、炎症性疾病和自身免疫性疾病。
