Turgenbayev Kairat Altynbekovich, Borsynbayeva Assiya Madenovna, Plazun Aleksandr A, Turgenbayev Rauan K
Kazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute, 223 Raiymbek St., Almaty, 050016, Kazakhstan.
Research and Production Center BioVet, 191-A Karasay batyr St., 191-A, Almaty, 050008, Kazakhstan.
Vet World. 2021 Sep;14(9):2362-2370. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2362-2370. Epub 2021 Sep 11.
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that affects humans and animals. This study aimed to review the influence of economic and organizational, veterinary, and sanitary measures on the epizootic situation of animal tuberculosis and the epidemiological situation of human tuberculosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The epizootic situation of cattle tuberculosis in Kazakhstan was studied based on the annual statistics of allergy testing of animals with tuberculosis by the Committee for Veterinary Control and Supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan, according to the results of allergic, clinical, and pathological studies, including laboratory studies of biomaterials from animals that reacted to tuberculin. Tuberculinization of cattle in the country is performed twice in the spring and autumn using tuberculin purified protein derivative for mammals. In addition, mass diagnosis of human tuberculosis is conducted by radiology.
The authors assessed the epizootic situation of tuberculosis in cattle in Kazakhstan from 1991 to 2019. The analysis results showed that at the beginning, the epizootic situation in cattle tuberculosis was challenging. However, since 2001, there has been a noticeable decrease in tuberculosis in animals in Kazakhstan, which has had a favorable effect on the epidemic situation of human tuberculosis.
According to the analysis results, the measures used in the Republic of Kazakhstan to prevent tuberculosis improved the well-being of livestock farms. The proper conduct by qualified veterinary specialists on allergy testing of animals and differential diagnosis of nonspecific tuberculin reactions allows establishing an accurate epizootic picture of tuberculosis. Furthermore, strict adherence to instructions on the diagnosis and prevention of tuberculosis, implementation of developed veterinary, sanitary, and organization, and economic measures can improve the epizootic picture of tuberculosis, reducing the risk of human tuberculosis.
结核病是一种影响人类和动物的传染病。本研究旨在综述经济与组织措施、兽医措施及卫生措施对哈萨克斯坦共和国动物结核病流行情况及人类结核病流行病学情况的影响。
基于哈萨克斯坦共和国农业部兽医控制与监督委员会对动物结核病过敏检测的年度统计数据，根据过敏、临床及病理研究结果，包括对结核菌素反应动物生物材料的实验室研究，对哈萨克斯坦牛结核病的流行情况进行研究。该国牛的结核菌素接种在春秋两季各进行一次，使用哺乳动物用结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物。此外，通过放射学对人类结核病进行大规模诊断。
作者评估了1991年至2019年哈萨克斯坦牛结核病的流行情况。分析结果表明，起初牛结核病的流行情况严峻。然而，自2001年以来，哈萨克斯坦动物结核病明显减少，这对人类结核病的流行情况产生了有利影响。
根据分析结果，哈萨克斯坦共和国用于预防结核病的措施改善了畜牧场的状况。合格的兽医专家对动物进行过敏检测及对非特异性结核菌素反应进行鉴别诊断，能够准确掌握结核病的流行情况。此外，严格遵守结核病诊断与预防指南，实施已制定的兽医、卫生、组织及经济措施，可改善结核病的流行情况，降低人类感染结核病的风险。
