Yu Hyeon, Commander Clayton W, Stavas Joseph M
Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
ProKidney LLC, Winston Salem, North Carolina.
Semin Intervent Radiol. 2021 Nov 24;38(5):523-534. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1736657. eCollection 2021 Dec.
As the basic units of biological organization, stem cells and their progenitors are essential for developing and regenerating organs and tissue systems using their unique self-renewal capability and differentiation potential into multiple cell lineages. Stem cells are consistently present throughout the entire human development, from the zygote to adulthood. Over the past decades, significant efforts have been made in biology, genetics, and biotechnology to develop stem cell-based therapies using embryonic and adult autologous or allogeneic stem cells for diseases without therapies or difficult to treat. Stem cell-based therapies require optimum administration of stem cells into damaged organs to promote structural regeneration and improve function. Maximum clinical efficacy is highly dependent on the successful delivery of stem cells to the target tissue. Direct image-guided locoregional injections into target tissues offer an option to increase therapeutic outcomes. Interventional radiologists have the opportunity to perform a key role in delivering stem cells more efficiently using minimally invasive techniques. This review discusses the types and sources of stem cells and the current clinical applications of stem cell-based therapies. In addition, the regulatory considerations, logistics, and potential roles of interventional Radiology are also discussed with the review of the literature.
作为生物组织的基本单位，干细胞及其祖细胞利用其独特的自我更新能力和分化为多种细胞谱系的潜能，对于器官和组织系统的发育与再生至关重要。从受精卵到成年期，干细胞始终存在于整个人类发育过程中。在过去几十年里，生物学、遗传学和生物技术领域付出了巨大努力，利用胚胎干细胞、成体自体或异体干细胞开发基于干细胞的疗法，用于治疗尚无有效疗法或难以治疗的疾病。基于干细胞的疗法需要将干细胞以最佳方式输送到受损器官，以促进结构再生并改善功能。最大临床疗效高度依赖于干细胞成功递送至靶组织。在直接图像引导下对靶组织进行局部区域注射为提高治疗效果提供了一种选择。介入放射科医生有机会通过微创技术在更高效地输送干细胞方面发挥关键作用。本综述讨论了干细胞的类型和来源以及基于干细胞疗法的当前临床应用。此外，还结合文献综述讨论了监管考量、后勤保障以及介入放射学的潜在作用。
