Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
Planta. 2021 Dec 2;255(1):11. doi: 10.1007/s00425-021-03764-4.
Red light (RL) accelerated starch accumulation in S. polyrhiza, but higher protein content under blue light (BL) was associated with the upregulation of most DEGs enriched for specific GO terms and KEGG pathways. Red light (RL) and blue light (BL) greatly influence the growth and physiological processes of duckweed. Physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the response of duckweed to different light qualities remain unclear. This study employed physiological and transcriptomic analyses on duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza "5510", to elucidate its differential response mechanisms under RL, BL, and white light conditions. Changes in growth indicators, ultrastructure alterations, metabolite accumulations, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were measured. The results showed that BL promoted both biomass and protein accumulations, while RL promoted starch accumulation. A total of 633, 518, and 985 DEGs were found in white-vs-red, white-vs-blue, and red-vs-blue comparison groups, respectively. In Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, the DEGs in all three comparison groups were significantly enriched in two GO terms, carboxylic acid metabolic process and lyase activity. In Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, the DEGs were greatly enriched in two pathways, histidine metabolism and isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. Higher protein content under BL was associated with the upregulation of most DEGs enriched with the GO terms and KEGG pathways. Furthermore, the light qualities influenced the gene expression patterns of other metabolic pathways, like carotenoid biosynthesis, and the regulation of these genes may explain the level of photosynthetic pigment content. The results revealed the physiological changes and transcriptome-level responses of duckweed to three light qualities, thereby providing bases for further research studies on the ability of duckweed as a biomass energy source.
红光 (RL) 加速了紫萍的淀粉积累，但蓝光 (BL) 下更高的蛋白质含量与大多数 DEGs 的上调有关，这些 DEGs 富集了特定的 GO 术语和 KEGG 途径。红光 (RL) 和蓝光 (BL) 极大地影响了浮萍的生长和生理过程。浮萍对不同光质的反应的生理和分子机制尚不清楚。本研究采用生理和转录组分析方法研究了浮萍 Spirodela polyrhiza“5510”，以阐明其在 RL、BL 和白光条件下的差异反应机制。测量了生长指标的变化、超微结构改变、代谢物积累和差异表达基因 (DEGs)。结果表明，BL 促进了生物量和蛋白质的积累，而 RL 促进了淀粉的积累。在白光与红光、白光与蓝光、红光与蓝光的比较组中，分别发现了 633、518 和 985 个 DEGs。在基因本体论 (GO) 富集分析中，所有三个比较组的 DEGs 都在两个 GO 术语中显著富集，即羧酸代谢过程和裂解酶活性。在京都基因与基因组百科全书 (KEGG) 分析中，DEGs 在两个途径中得到了极大的富集，即组氨酸代谢和异喹啉生物碱生物合成。BL 下更高的蛋白质含量与大多数富集 GO 术语和 KEGG 途径的 DEGs 的上调有关。此外，不同的光质影响其他代谢途径的基因表达模式，如类胡萝卜素生物合成，这些基因的调控可能解释了光合色素含量的水平。这些结果揭示了浮萍对三种光质的生理变化和转录组水平的反应，为进一步研究浮萍作为生物质能源的能力提供了基础。
