Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.
Environ Health Perspect. 2021 Dec;129(12):127003. doi: 10.1289/EHP9146. Epub 2021 Dec 2.
Epidemiologic studies have linked transportation noise to increased morbidity and mortality, particularly for cardiovascular outcomes. However, studies investigating metabolic outcomes such as diabetes are limited and have focused only on noise exposures estimated for the loudest residential façade.
We aimed to examine the influence of long-term residential exposure to transportation noise at the loudest and quietest residential façades and the risk for type 2 diabetes.
Road traffic and railway noise exposures (Lden) at the most and least exposed façades were estimated for all dwellings in Denmark during 1990-2017. Aircraft noise was estimated in 5-dB categories. Ten-year time-weighted mean noise exposures were estimated for individuals of age. From 2000 to 2017, 233,912 incident cases of type 2 diabetes were identified using hospital and prescription registries, with a mean follow-up of 12.9 y. We used Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for individual- and area-level covariates and long-term residential air pollution. The population-attributable fraction (PAF) was also computed.
Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for type 2 diabetes in association with 10-dB increases in 10-y mean road traffic noise at the most and least exposed façades, respectively, were 1.05 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.05) and 1.09 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.10). Following subsequent adjustment for fine particulate matter [particulate matter in aerodynamic diameter] (10-y mean), the HRs (CIs) were 1.03 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.04) and 1.08 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.09), respectively. For railway noise, the HRs per 10-dB increase in 10-y mean exposure were 1.03 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.04) and 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.04) for the most and least exposed façades, respectively. Categorical models supported a linear exposure-outcome relationship for road traffic noise and, to a lesser extent, for railway noise. Aircraft noise was associated with a 1-4% higher likelihood of type 2 diabetes compared with those who were unexposed. We found road traffic and railway noise associated with a PAF of 8.5% and 1.4%, respectively, of the diabetes cases.
Long-term exposure to road, railway, and possibly aircraft traffic noise was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in a nationwide cohort of Danish adults. Our findings suggest that diabetes should be included when estimating the burden of disease due to transportation noise. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9146.
流行病学研究表明，交通噪声与发病率和死亡率的增加有关，尤其是心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率。然而，关于代谢疾病（如糖尿病）的研究是有限的，且仅关注估计的住宅最响立面的噪声暴露。
我们旨在研究长期居住在住宅最响和最安静立面上的交通噪声暴露与 2 型糖尿病风险之间的关系。
1990 年至 2017 年期间，丹麦所有住宅的道路交通和铁路噪声暴露（Lden）在最暴露和最不暴露的立面上进行了估计。飞机噪声按 5dB 分类进行了估计。为年龄在 岁的个人估计了 10 年时间加权平均噪声暴露。2000 年至 2017 年，通过医院和处方登记处确定了 233912 例 2 型糖尿病新发病例，平均随访时间为 12.9 年。我们使用 Cox 比例风险模型调整了个体和地区水平的协变量以及长期的住宅空气污染。还计算了人群归因分数（PAF）。
与最暴露立面和最不暴露立面的 10 年平均道路交通噪声每增加 10dB 相关的 2 型糖尿病风险的危险比（HRs）和 95%置信区间（CIs）分别为 1.05（95%CI：1.04，1.05）和 1.09（95%CI：1.08，1.10）。随后对细颗粒物[空气动力学直径的颗粒物]（10 年平均）进行了调整，HRs（CIs）分别为 1.03（95%CI：1.03，1.04）和 1.08（95%CI：1.07，1.09）。对于铁路噪声，每增加 10 年平均暴露 10dB，最暴露立面和最不暴露立面的 HR 分别为 1.03（95%CI：1.02，1.04）和 1.02（95%CI：1.01，1.04）。对于道路交通噪声，分类模型支持线性暴露-结果关系，对于铁路噪声，这种关系较弱。与未暴露于噪声的人相比，飞机噪声与 2 型糖尿病的发生概率增加了 1%至 4%相关。我们发现道路交通噪声和铁路噪声分别与 8.5%和 1.4%的糖尿病病例有关。
长期暴露于道路交通、铁路和可能的航空交通噪声与丹麦成年人的 2 型糖尿病风险增加有关。我们的研究结果表明，在估计交通噪声造成的疾病负担时，应考虑糖尿病。
