IFF Enabling Technologies, Brabrand, Aarhus, Denmark.
Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark.
PLoS One. 2021 Dec 2;16(12):e0260765. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260765. eCollection 2021.
The past two decades of research have raised gut microbiota composition as a contributing factor to the development of obesity, and higher abundance of certain bacterial species has been linked to the lean phenotype, such as Akkermansia muciniphila. The ability of pre- and probiotics to affect metabolic health could be via microbial community alterations and subsequently changes in metabolite profiles, modulating for example host energy balance via complex signaling pathways. The aim of this mice study was to determine how administration of a prebiotic fiber, polydextrose (PDX) and a probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 (B420), during high fat diet (HFD; 60 kcal% fat) affects microbiota composition in the gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue, and metabolite levels in gut and liver. In this study C57Bl/6J mice (N = 200) were split in five treatments and daily gavaged: 1) Normal control (NC); 2) HFD; 3) HFD + PDX; 4) HFD + B420 or 5) HFD + PDX + B420 (HFD+S). At six weeks of treatment intraperitoneal glucose-tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed, and feces were collected at weeks 0, 3, 6 and 9. At end of the intervention, ileum and colon mucosa, adipose tissue and liver samples were collected. The microbiota composition in fecal, ileum, colon and adipose tissue was analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing, fecal and liver metabolomics were performed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It was found that HFD+PDX intervention reduced body weight gain and hepatic fat compared to HFD. Sequencing the mice adipose tissue (MAT) identified Akkermansia and its prevalence was increased in HFD+S group. Furthermore, by the inclusion of PDX, fecal, lleum and colon levels of Akkermansia were increased and liver health was improved as the detoxification capacity and levels of methyl-donors were increased. These new results demonstrate how PDX and B420 can affect the interactions between gut, liver and adipose tissue.
过去二十年的研究表明，肠道微生物群落组成是导致肥胖发生的一个因素，某些细菌种类的丰度较高与瘦体型有关，如 Akkermansia muciniphila。益生菌和益生元影响代谢健康的能力可能是通过微生物群落的改变，随后改变代谢物谱，通过复杂的信号通路调节宿主的能量平衡。本研究的目的是确定在高脂肪饮食（HFD；60%脂肪）期间，给予膳食纤维聚葡萄糖（PDX）和益生菌双歧杆菌乳亚种 420（B420），如何影响胃肠道和脂肪组织中的微生物群落组成，以及肠道和肝脏中的代谢物水平。在这项研究中，将 C57Bl/6J 小鼠（N=200）分为五组，每天灌胃：1）正常对照（NC）；2）HFD；3）HFD+PDX；4）HFD+B420 或 5）HFD+PDX+B420（HFD+S）。在治疗 6 周时进行腹腔内葡萄糖耐量试验（IPGTT），并在第 0、3、6 和 9 周收集粪便。干预结束时，收集回肠和结肠黏膜、脂肪组织和肝脏样本。使用 16S rDNA 测序分析粪便、回肠、结肠和脂肪组织中的微生物群落组成，通过核磁共振（NMR）光谱法分析粪便和肝脏代谢组学。结果发现，与 HFD 相比，HFD+PDX 干预可减少体重增加和肝脏脂肪。对小鼠脂肪组织（MAT）进行测序，发现 Akkermansia 的丰度增加，且在 HFD+S 组中增加更为明显。此外，通过添加 PDX，粪便、回肠和结肠中 Akkermansia 的水平增加，肝脏健康得到改善，因为解毒能力和甲基供体水平增加。这些新结果表明，PDX 和 B420 如何影响肠道、肝脏和脂肪组织之间的相互作用。
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