Kang Lei, He Dongmei, Wang Hai, Han Guiqi, Lv Hongyang, Xiao Wanting, Zhang Zhanling, Yan Zhuyun, Huang Luqi
State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Center for Post-doctoral Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2021 Nov 10;12:740456. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.740456. eCollection 2021.
"Breeding on mountains, cultivation in dam areas" is a unique propagation method for the vegetatively propagated plant , including two transplants between the mountain and the dam area. It is well known that the environment can influence the endophytic community structure of plants. However, the change of host endophytic flora caused by transplanting in different places and its influence on asexual reproduction are still poorly understood. We carried out three cycles of cultivation experiments on and collected stem nodes (LZ), immature rhizomes (PX), medicinal rhizomes (CX), and rhizosphere. High-throughput sequencing was performed to analyze the endophytic fungi in all samples. We observed that the diversity and richness of endophytic fungi in increased as a result of transplanting cultivation from dam areas to mountains. Local transplantation caused minor changes in the endophytic fungus structure of , while remote transplantation caused significant changes. Compared with LZ after breeding in the dam area, the LZ after breeding on mountains has more abundant , , , , and . The regular pattern of the relative abundance of endophytic fungi is consistent with that of the fungus in the soil, while there are also some cases that the relative abundance of endophytic fungi is the opposite of that of soil fungi. In addition, there is a significant correlation among certain kinds of endophytic fungi whether in the soil or the plants. We have isolated more gibberellin-producing and auxin-producing fungi in the LZ cultivated in the mountains than that in the LZ cultivated in the dam area. The results of pot experiments showed that the three fungi isolated from LZ cultivated in mountainous areas can promote the development of shoots, stem nodes, and internodes of LZ, and increase the activity of plant peroxidase, catalase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, and other enzymes. We can conclude that transplantation leads to the recombination of the host endophytic fungus, the more significant the difference in the environment is, the greater the reorganization caused by transplanting. Reorganization is determined by the soil environment, hosts, and the interaction of microorganisms. Remote transplantation is a crucial opportunity to reshuffle the micro-ecological structure of the asexual reproduction of plants, and regulate the growth, development, and resistance of plants, and prevent germplasm degradation caused by asexual reproduction.
“山上育种，坝区栽培”是这种无性繁殖植物独特的繁殖方式，包括在山区和坝区之间进行两次移栽。众所周知，环境会影响植物的内生菌群结构。然而，不同地点移栽引起的宿主内生菌群变化及其对无性繁殖的影响仍知之甚少。我们对[植物名称]进行了三个周期的栽培实验，并采集了茎节（LZ）、未成熟根茎（PX）、药用根茎（CX）和根际土壤。通过高通量测序分析所有样本中的内生真菌。我们观察到，由于从坝区移栽到山区种植，[植物名称]内生真菌的多样性和丰富度增加。本地移栽对[植物名称]内生真菌结构造成的变化较小，而远距离移栽则导致显著变化。与在坝区育种后的LZ相比，在山区育种后的LZ具有更丰富的[具体真菌种类1]、[具体真菌种类2]、[具体真菌种类3]、[具体真菌种类4]和[具体真菌种类5]。内生真菌相对丰度的规律模式与土壤中的真菌一致，但也存在一些内生真菌相对丰度与土壤真菌相反的情况。此外，无论是在土壤还是植物中，某些种类的内生真菌之间都存在显著相关性。我们在山区栽培的LZ中分离出的产生赤霉素和生长素的真菌比在坝区栽培的LZ中更多。盆栽实验结果表明，从山区栽培的LZ中分离出的三种真菌能够促进LZ的芽、茎节和节间发育，并提高植物过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶等酶的活性。我们可以得出结论，移栽导致宿主内生真菌重组，环境差异越大，移栽引起的重组越大。重组由土壤环境、宿主以及微生物之间的相互作用决定。远距离移栽是重塑植物无性繁殖微生态结构、调节植物生长发育和抗性、防止无性繁殖导致种质退化的关键契机。
