儿童和青少年严重智力和多重残疾的嗅觉检测。
Odour detection in children and young people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities.
机构信息
Department of Special Education, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
出版信息
J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2022 Mar;35(2):519-530. doi: 10.1111/jar.12963. Epub 2021 Dec 3.
BACKGROUND
Olfaction provides information on very important dimensions of the environment; however the olfactory abilities of children and young people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) remain largely unknown. This within-subjects study explores olfactory detection abilities in children with PIMD.
METHOD
Twenty-two children and young people with PIMD (7-18 years) were presented with 18 medium intensity odours and an odourless control stimulus. Odorants were presented one by one in a randomised order. The neutral stimulus was presented prior to each odorant. Participants' responses were measured using 21 behavioural indicators.
RESULTS
Results show that participants make a clear distinction between odorous and neutral conditions, between food and non-food, and between pleasant and unpleasant odours. The detection abilities are manifested by several behaviours, in particular by the duration of the head alignment on the odorant.
CONCLUSIONS
This study shows that participants detect the stimuli and act differently depending on the category.
背景
嗅觉提供了有关环境的非常重要的信息维度；然而，患有严重智力和多重残疾（PIMD）的儿童和青少年的嗅觉能力在很大程度上仍未被了解。本项被试内研究探讨了 PIMD 儿童的嗅觉察觉能力。
方法
22 名患有 PIMD（7-18 岁）的儿童和青少年接受了 18 种中等强度的气味和一种无味的对照刺激物的呈现。气味以随机顺序逐个呈现。中性刺激物在每个气味之前呈现。参与者的反应通过 21 种行为指标进行测量。
结果
结果表明，参与者可以清楚地区分有气味和无气味的条件、食物和非食物、以及令人愉悦和不愉快的气味。这些检测能力通过几种行为表现出来，特别是通过头部在气味上的对齐时间来体现。
结论
本研究表明，参与者可以根据类别检测到刺激物并做出不同的反应。
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