Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021 Nov;25(22):7162-7184. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202111_27270.
The last two decades have witnessed the emergence of three deadly coronaviruses (CoVs) in humans: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There are still no reliable and efficient therapeutics to manage the devastating consequences of these CoVs. Of these, SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the currently ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has posed great global health concerns. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented crisis with devastating socio-economic and health impacts worldwide. This highlights the fact that CoVs continue to evolve and have the genetic flexibility to become highly pathogenic in humans and other mammals. SARS-CoV-2 carries a high genetic homology to the previously identified CoV (SARS-CoV), and the immunological and pathogenic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS contain key similarities and differences that can guide therapy and management. This review presents salient and updated information on comparative pathology, molecular pathogenicity, immunological features, and genetic characterization of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2; this can help in the design of more effective vaccines and therapeutics for countering these pathogenic CoVs.
过去的二十年见证了三种致命的人类冠状病毒（CoV）的出现：严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）。目前仍然没有可靠和有效的治疗方法来应对这些 CoV 造成的毁灭性后果。其中，SARS-CoV-2 是导致目前正在发生的 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行的原因，引起了极大的全球健康关注。COVID-19 大流行导致了一场前所未有的危机，给全球的社会经济和健康带来了毁灭性的影响。这突显出 CoV 仍在不断进化，并具有在人类和其他哺乳动物中高度致病的遗传灵活性。SARS-CoV-2 与之前鉴定的 CoV（SARS-CoV）具有很高的遗传同源性，SARS-CoV-2、SARS-CoV 和 MERS-CoV 的免疫和发病特点包含关键的相似性和差异，这可以指导治疗和管理。本综述介绍了 SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV 和 SARS-CoV-2 的比较病理学、分子发病机制、免疫学特征和遗传特征的最新信息；这有助于设计更有效的疫苗和治疗方法来对抗这些致病的 CoV。
