Disparities in the Use of Immunization Services Among Underserved Minority Patient Populations and the Role of Pharmacy Technicians: A Review.

To provide a review of the issues surrounding the lack of use of immunizations and immunization services among underserved minority patients and outline the role of pharmacy technicians in facilitating the utilization of vaccination services. Articles were identified through searches in May 2017 using MEDLINE/PubMed (1946-2017) with the following search terms: pharmacy technicians, immunizations, and pharmacy-based immunization services. Articles were also identified utilizing search terms such as "immunization disparities." Additionally, immunization data and vaccination resources from government websites such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the US Department of Health and Human Services were used. Articles and reports that discuss the challenges and barriers associated with use of vaccinations in minority patient populations were considered for inclusion. Additionally, literature that report challenges in community pharmacy where pharmacy-based immunization services provide less vaccinations to minority patients compared to other patient populations were reviewed. Cross-sectional studies that provide insight into vaccine disparities were reviewed. Roles for pharmacy technicians are highlighted that include nurturing relationships with their patients and engaging patients about vaccines during service provision. Pharmacy personnel, including pharmacy technicians, are in a position to reduce barriers associated with disparities in the uptake of immunization services in the community pharmacy setting.