电子烟装置、品牌和口味吸引年轻人：为填补关键空白提供信息，助力美国食品药品监督管理局制定政策和确定优先事项。
E-cigarette devices, brands, and flavors attract youth: Informing FDA's policies and priorities to close critical gaps.
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, USA; Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
出版信息
Addict Behav. 2022 Mar;126:107179. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107179. Epub 2021 Nov 14.
PURPOSE
Identify e-cigarette devices, brands, and flavor types used by adolescents and young adults soon after the enactment of flavor restrictions, youth access laws, FDA's enforcement prioritization against some flavored pod/cartridge-based e-cigarettes, and during COVID-19 pandemic-related school closures.
METHODS
National cross-sectional online survey (N = 4,351) in May 2020 assessed popularity, ever- and past-30-day use of e-cigarette device types (pod/cartridge-based, disposables, others), brands, flavor types and flavor-enhancers, by age group (under age 21 and 21 and over).
RESULTS
While pod/cartridge-based e-cigarettes had the highest ever-use (82.7% <21; 69.8% ≥21) and were most often-used (41.9% <21; 41.4% ≥21), most past 30-day-users (50.8% <21; 61.9% ≥21) and 7-day-users (36.0% <21; 56.7% ≥21) used disposables. Mint/menthol was the most-used flavor type (pod/cartridge-based: 48.2% <21, 48.1% ≥21; disposables: 51.6% <21, 56.4% ≥21), followed by fruit (pod/cartridge-based: 37.4% <21, 35.5%≥ 21; disposables: 51.6% >21, 46.2% ≥ 21), and sweet/dessert/candy flavor types (pod/cartridge-based: 24.4% <21, 24.7% ≥21; disposables: 29.7% <21, 33.8% ≥21). Participants reported using add-on e-cigarette flavor-enhancers (pod/cartridge-based: 24.6%; disposables: 31.3%).
CONCLUSION
Soon after FDA's January 2020 announcement of prioritized enforcement against flavored pod/cartridge-based e-cigarettes and during the pandemic lockdown, adolescents' and young adults' past 30-day use included mostly flavored disposables rather than pod/cartridge-based e-cigarettes, mint/menthol flavors, and some used add-on flavor enhancers. To reduce youth use, comprehensive regulation of e-cigarette devices and flavors should be enacted and enforced at federal, state, and local levels.
目的
在电子烟口味限制、青少年获取电子烟法律、FDA 对某些口味烟弹/盒式电子烟执法优先级以及 COVID-19 疫情学校关闭之后，确定青少年和年轻人使用的电子烟设备、品牌和口味类型。
方法
2020 年 5 月进行的全国性横断面在线调查（N=4351），按年龄组（<21 岁和 21 岁及以上）评估电子烟设备类型（烟弹/盒式、一次性、其他）、品牌、口味类型和口味增强剂的流行程度、以往使用情况和过去 30 天的使用情况。
结果
虽然烟弹/盒式电子烟的以往使用率最高（<21 岁为 82.7%；≥21 岁为 69.8%），使用率最高（<21 岁为 41.9%；≥21 岁为 41.4%），但过去 30 天的使用者（<21 岁为 50.8%；≥21 岁为 61.9%）和 7 天使用者（<21 岁为 36.0%；≥21 岁为 56.7%）更多使用一次性电子烟。薄荷/薄荷醇是最常用的口味类型（烟弹/盒式：<21 岁为 48.2%，≥21 岁为 48.1%；一次性：<21 岁为 51.6%，≥21 岁为 56.4%），其次是水果（烟弹/盒式：<21 岁为 37.4%，≥21 岁为 35.5%；一次性：<21 岁为 51.6%，≥21 岁为 46.2%），甜味/点心/糖果口味类型（烟弹/盒式：<21 岁为 24.4%，≥21 岁为 24.7%；一次性：<21 岁为 29.7%，≥21 岁为 33.8%）。参与者报告使用附加电子烟口味增强剂（烟弹/盒式：24.6%；一次性：31.3%）。
结论
在 FDA 2020 年 1 月宣布优先执法打击口味烟弹/盒式电子烟以及疫情封锁期间，青少年和年轻人过去 30 天的使用情况包括大多数口味的一次性电子烟，而不是烟弹/盒式电子烟、薄荷/薄荷醇口味电子烟，并且一些人使用了附加的口味增强剂。为了减少青少年使用电子烟，应该在联邦、州和地方各级制定和执行电子烟设备和口味的全面监管。
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