College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
Microb Cell Fact. 2021 Dec 4;20(1):218. doi: 10.1186/s12934-021-01707-y.
The characterization of colonization and dynamic changes related to gut microorganisms might be vital, as it presents an opportunity to quantify the co-variation between stocking densities and gut microbiome of dynamic distribution. The objective of this study was to determine the stocking density on physiological performance and dynamic distribution of gut microbiome (including bacterial and fungal communities) of Langya laying hens in the two development stages.
A randomized design with 2 × 3 factorial controls consisting of two development stages (24, 43 weeks-old) with three different stocking densities was performed. Three different stocking densities were allocated to a total of 300 11-week-old Langya laying hens (450 cm/bird, 675 cm/bird, 900 cm/bird). Three housing densities were accomplished by raising different chickens per cage with the same floor size. The dependent variables of stocking densities at each sampling point were; growth performance, organs index, egg quality and the changes of dynamic gut bacterial and fungal communities in the cecum.
Results showed that the stocking density didn't affect liver index, eggshell thickness, breaking shell strength and egg shape index. Hens from the highest stocking density had the lowest body weight, fallopian tube index, egg weight and yolk colour score. Except for the yolk colour score, the measurement changes caused by age followed the opposite pattern as stocking density. We observed a substantial rise in taxa linked with health threats when stocking density was increased, including Talaromyces, Oscillospiraceae_UCG-002, Oscillospira, and Dielma. The opposite was observed with Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Lachnoclostridium, Eisenbergiella, and Kurtzmaniella. Also, most taxa were linked to polymicrobial infection in clinical cases, especially species whose percentage declined as the hens aged, such as Terrisporobacter, Faecalicoccus, Dialister, Cylindrocarpon etc. Whereas Sellimonas, Mitsuokella, Eurotium, Wardomyces and Cephalotheca had the opposite trend.
We speculated that excessive high density drove the abundance of bacteria and fungi connected with health problems. Where the gut microecology gradually reach a mature and balance status with age. Overall, this study demonstrates gut microbiome ecological processes in Langya layers at various stocking densities and finds possible connections between stocking density, microbiome and production performance. Our study will contribute to new insights associating suitable density patterns and production performance in laying hens by harnessing such a relative microbiome.
对定植和与肠道微生物相关的动态变化进行特征描述可能至关重要，因为这提供了一个机会，可以量化种群密度与动态分布的肠道微生物组之间的共变关系。本研究的目的是确定在两个发育阶段中，不同饲养密度对琅琊蛋鸡生理性能和肠道微生物组（包括细菌和真菌群落）动态分布的影响。
采用 2×3 因子设计，包括两个发育阶段（24、43 周龄）和三个不同的饲养密度。将三种不同的饲养密度分配给总共 300 只 11 周龄的琅琊蛋鸡（450cm/只、675cm/只、900cm/只）。通过在相同的笼底面积内饲养不同数量的鸡来实现三种饲养密度。在每个采样点，饲养密度的依赖变量为：生长性能、器官指数、蛋品质和盲肠中动态肠道细菌和真菌群落的变化。
结果表明，饲养密度不影响肝脏指数、蛋壳厚度、破壳强度和蛋形指数。饲养密度最高的母鸡体重、输卵管指数、蛋重和蛋黄颜色评分最低。除了蛋黄颜色评分外，年龄引起的测量变化与饲养密度呈相反模式。随着饲养密度的增加，我们观察到与健康威胁相关的分类群数量大幅增加，包括 Talaromyces、Oscillospiraceae_UCG-002、Oscillospira 和 Dielma。相反，Bacteroides、Bifidobacterium、Lachnoclostridium、Eisenbergiella 和 Kurtzmaniella 的数量则减少。此外，大多数分类群与临床病例中的多微生物感染有关，特别是随着母鸡年龄增长而下降的物种，如 Terrisporobacter、Faecalicoccus、Dialister、Cylindrocarpon 等。而 Sellimonas、Mitsuokella、Eurotium、Wardomyces 和 Cephalotheca 则呈现相反的趋势。
我们推测，过高的高密度会导致与健康问题相关的细菌和真菌数量增加。随着年龄的增长，肠道微生物组逐渐达到成熟和平衡的状态。总的来说，本研究展示了不同饲养密度下琅琊蛋鸡的肠道微生物组生态过程，并发现了饲养密度、微生物组和生产性能之间可能存在的联系。我们的研究将有助于通过利用这种相对微生物组来关联适宜的密度模式和产蛋鸡的生产性能。
