Wiguna Tjhin, Minayati Kusuma, Kaligis Fransiska, Ismail Raden Irawati, Wijaya Erik, Murtani Belinda Julivia, Pradana Kent
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Tarumanegara, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Front Psychiatry. 2021 Nov 12;12:743329. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.743329. eCollection 2021.
Adolescence is often a period of turmoil. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased adolescents' difficulty due to mental health consequences that may affect their developmental milestones. This study constructed and empirically tested a theoretical model of three predictive factors (cyberbullying, abuse, and screen time) and stress as the mediating factor in adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Structural equation model (SEM) analysis was applied to investigate stress as a mediating factor in the relationship between adolescent NSSI and cyberbullying, abuse, and screen time. This cross-sectional study used a "crowdsourcing" sample collection method to recruit 464 adolescents aged 11-17 years who were administered a questionnaire comprising scales on cyberbullying, abuse, screen time, stress, and NSSI. All scales had construct reliabilities ranging from 0.759 to 0.958. SEM statistical analysis was performed using Lisrel version 8.8 (Scientific Software International, USA) for Windows (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA). The mean (± SD) age of the cohort was 14.61 ± 1.65 years, and consisted of 66.7% females. Secondary high school was the highest educational background (58%). The study found that cyberbullying and abuse were direct positive predictors (critical -value for the path > 1.96; < 0.05) of adolescent NSSI; however, screen time did not have any direct relationship. Furthermore, stress was a significant full mediating factor of screen time and a partial mediating factor of cyberbullying and abuse in the relationship with adolescent NSSI (critical -value of the path = 5.27; < 0.05). Cyberbullying, screen time, and abuse with the mediating effect of stress could explain 48% of the variance in adolescent NSSI ( = 0.48). Adolescent mental health prevention and promotion programs need to be redesigned during the current COVID-19 pandemic to manage their stress and minimize the mental health consequences of cyberbullying, abuse, and inappropriately increased screen time.
青春期往往是一个动荡的时期。由于心理健康问题可能会影响青少年的发育里程碑，新冠疫情加剧了他们面临的困难。本研究构建并实证检验了一个理论模型，该模型包含三个预测因素（网络欺凌、虐待和屏幕使用时间）以及压力作为青少年非自杀性自伤（NSSI）的中介因素。应用结构方程模型（SEM）分析来研究压力在青少年NSSI与网络欺凌、虐待和屏幕使用时间之间关系中的中介作用。这项横断面研究采用“众包”样本收集方法，招募了464名11至17岁的青少年，他们接受了一份包含网络欺凌、虐待、屏幕使用时间、压力和NSSI量表的问卷。所有量表的结构信度在0.759至0.958之间。使用适用于Windows系统（美国微软公司，华盛顿州雷德蒙德）的Lisrel 8.8版软件（美国科学软件国际公司）进行SEM统计分析。该队列的平均年龄（±标准差）为14.61±1.65岁，其中女性占66.7%。高中是最高学历背景（58%）。研究发现，网络欺凌和虐待是青少年NSSI的直接正向预测因素（路径临界值>1.96；<0.05）；然而，屏幕使用时间没有任何直接关系。此外，压力是屏幕使用时间与青少年NSSI关系中的显著完全中介因素，以及网络欺凌和虐待与青少年NSSI关系中的部分中介因素（路径临界值=5.27；<0.05）。网络欺凌、屏幕使用时间以及具有压力中介作用的虐待可以解释青少年NSSI中48%的方差（=0.48）。在当前新冠疫情期间，需要重新设计青少年心理健康预防和促进项目，以管理他们的压力，并将网络欺凌、虐待和不适当增加的屏幕使用时间对心理健康的影响降至最低。
