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印度尼西亚新冠疫情期间青少年心理健康与学校关闭情况的简要研究报告

Brief Research Report on Adolescent Mental Well-Being and School Closures During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia.

作者信息

Wiguna Tjhin, Anindyajati Gina, Kaligis Fransiska, Ismail Raden Irawati, Minayati Kusuma, Hanafi Enjeline, Murtani Belinda Julivia, Wigantara Ngurah Agung, Putra Anggi Aviandri, Pradana Kent

机构信息

Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.

出版信息

Front Psychiatry. 2020 Nov 17;11:598756. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.598756. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic does not affected only physical but also mental health and socioeconomic part. The social distancing, social quarantine, school from home, and work from becomes a new normal these days. Being adolescence, the above conditions may be challenging due to their developmental milestones. Therefore, this brief report aimed to preliminary identify proportion of adolescents' emotional and behavior problems and several factors related to it during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The findings might raise some understanding of youth mental well-being and programs that can be applied in schools and community in general to overcome the issues. The study was designed as cross sectional and used online survey that started on April 2020. During April 15-May 10, 2020, there were 113 adolescents participated on this survey. Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) 11-17 years old was used to assess adolescent emotional and behavior problems; and specific life experience questionnaire was designed to collect other independents variables (Cronbach's α = 0.75). All participants fulfilled the online informed consent before they started to complete the questionnaire. All data was analyzed by using SPSS version 20 for Mac. The average age of research subjects were 14.07 (2.18) years old; 98.2% was school from home. There was 14.2% of the total research subject at risk on total difficulties problems; 38.1% of adolescent was at risk on peer-relationship problems, 28.3% at risk on pro-social behavior problems, 15% at risk on conduct behavior and 10.6% at risk on emotional problems. The number of adolescent that perceived worse to significantly worse self-mental well-being prior COVID-19 increased during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia ( < 0.05). There was significantly association between having mental health information and conduct behavior (OR = 10.34, 95%CI = 1.27-78.86); Subjective anxiety due to COVID-19 pandemic and pro-social behavior problems (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.00-5.63), parental support and total difficulties (OR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.14-0.60) and pro-social behavior problems (OR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.01-0.82); friends support during COVID-19 pandemic and conduct behavior (OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.04-1.00) and pro-social behavior problems (OR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.02-0.75). To be concluded, during phase 1 and 2 COVID-19 pandemic and school closures in Indonesia, adolescents were at risk for having emotional and behavior problems. Therefore, maintain clear mental health information, keep them on connection with school by designing an optimal tele-education, tele-consultation, and virtual activity programs to accommodate adolescents' biopsychosocial needs in the near future.

摘要

新冠疫情不仅影响身体健康,还对心理健康和社会经济层面产生了影响。社交距离、居家隔离、居家上学和居家办公如今已成为新常态。作为青少年,由于他们处于成长阶段,上述这些情况可能具有挑战性。因此,本简要报告旨在初步确定印度尼西亚新冠疫情期间青少年情绪和行为问题的比例以及与之相关的若干因素。这些研究结果可能会增进对青少年心理健康的理解,并有助于制定可应用于学校和社区以解决这些问题的方案。该研究设计为横断面研究,并采用了从2020年4月开始的在线调查。在2020年4月15日至5月10日期间,有113名青少年参与了此项调查。使用针对11至17岁青少年的优势与困难问卷(SDQ)来评估青少年的情绪和行为问题;并设计了特定生活经历问卷以收集其他自变量(克朗巴哈系数α = 0.75)。所有参与者在开始填写问卷前均签署了在线知情同意书。所有数据均使用适用于Mac的SPSS 20版本进行分析。研究对象的平均年龄为14.07(2.18)岁;98.2%为居家上学。在所有研究对象中,14.2%面临总体困难问题的风险;38.1%的青少年面临同伴关系问题的风险,28.3%面临亲社会行为问题的风险,15%面临品行行为风险,10.6%面临情绪问题风险。在印度尼西亚,在新冠疫情期间,认为自己在新冠疫情前心理健康状况较差至显著较差的青少年数量有所增加(<0.05)。拥有心理健康信息与品行行为之间存在显著关联(OR = 10.34,95%置信区间 = 1.27 - 78.86);因新冠疫情导致的主观焦虑与亲社会行为问题之间存在关联(OR = 2.37,95%置信区间 = 1.00 - 5.63),父母支持与总体困难之间存在关联(OR = 0.09,95%置信区间 = 0.14 - 0.60)以及与亲社会行为问题之间存在关联(OR = 0.09,95%置信区间 = 0.01 - 0.82);新冠疫情期间朋友的支持与品行行为之间存在关联(OR = 0.20,95%置信区间 = 0.04 - 1.00)以及与亲社会行为问题之间存在关联(OR = 0.14,95%置信区间 = 0.02 - 0.75)。综上所述,在印度尼西亚新冠疫情第1阶段和第2阶段以及学校关闭期间,青少年存在出现情绪和行为问题的风险。因此,应提供清晰的心理健康信息,通过设计最佳的远程教育、远程咨询和虚拟活动方案,使他们与学校保持联系,以满足青少年近期的生物心理社会需求。

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