Boussana Alain, Galy Olivier, Gallais Daniel Le, Hue Olivier
Department of the Higher Institute of Physical and Sports Education (ISEPS), Laboratory EHEOHP, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Congo.
Department of Sciences and Techniques of Physical and Sports Activities, Laboratory ACTES, University Antilles Guyane, Pointe à Pitre Cedex, France.
J Hum Kinet. 2021 Oct 31;80:83-92. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0108. eCollection 2021 Oct.
The Olympic distance triathlon includes maximal exercise bouts with transitions between the activities. This study investigated the effect of an Olympic distance triathlon (1.5-km swim, 40-km bike, 10-km run) on pulmonary diffusion capacity (DLCO). In nine male triathletes (age: 24 ± 4.7 years), we measured DLCO and calculated the DLCO to alveolar volume ratio (DLCO/VA) and performed spirometry testing before a triathlon (pre-T), 2 hours after the race (post-T), and the day following the race (post-T-24 h). DLCO was measured using the 9-s breath-holding method. We found that (1) DLCO decreased significantly between pre- and post-T values (38.52 ± 5.44 vs. 35.92 ± 6.63 ml∙min∙mmHg) (p < 0.01) and returned to baseline at post-T-24 h (38.52 ± 5.44 vs. 37.24 ± 6.76 ml∙min∙mmHg, p > 0.05); (2) DLCO/VA was similar at the pre-, post- and post-T-24 h DLCO comparisons; and (3) forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV) and mean forced expiratory flow during the middle half of vital capacity (FEF25-75%) significantly decreased between pre- and post-T and between pre- and post-T-24-h (p < 0.02). In conclusion, a significant reduction in DLCO and DLCO/VA 2 hours after the triathlon suggests the presence of pulmonary interstitial oedema. Both values returned to baseline 24 hours after the race, which reflects possible mild and transient pulmonary oedema with minimal physiological significance.
奥运会距离的铁人三项包括在各项活动之间转换的最大运动回合。本研究调查了奥运会距离的铁人三项（1.5公里游泳、40公里自行车、10公里跑步）对肺弥散能力（DLCO）的影响。在9名男性铁人三项运动员（年龄：24±4.7岁）中，我们在铁人三项赛前（T前）、赛后2小时（T后）和赛后第二天（T后24小时）测量了DLCO，并计算了DLCO与肺泡容积比（DLCO/VA），还进行了肺量计测试。DLCO采用9秒屏气法测量。我们发现：（1）T前和T后的值之间DLCO显著降低（38.52±5.44 vs. 35.92±6.63 ml∙min∙mmHg）（p<0.01），并在T后24小时恢复到基线水平（38.52±5.44 vs. 37.24±6.76 ml∙min∙mmHg，p>0.05）；（2）在T前、T后和T后24小时的DLCO比较中，DLCO/VA相似；（3）第一秒用力呼气量（FEV）和肺活量中间一半的平均用力呼气流量（FEF25-75%）在T前和T后以及T前和T后24小时之间显著降低（p<0.02）。总之，铁人三项赛后2小时DLCO和DLCO/VA显著降低表明存在肺间质水肿。两项值在赛后24小时均恢复到基线水平，这反映了可能为轻度和短暂性肺水肿，生理意义极小。
