Carvalho Humberto Moreira, Gonçalves Carlos E, Collins Dave, Paes Roberto R
a Faculty Physical Education , University of Campinas , Campinas/São Paulo , Brazil.
b Department of Physical Education , Federal University of Santa Catarina , Florianópolis/Santa Catarina , Brazil.
J Sports Sci. 2018 Apr;36(7):742-748. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1340654. Epub 2017 Jun 12.
The interaction of multiple influences on the path to sport success is not yet fully understood by sport scientists. In this study, we examined variation in body size, functional capacities and motivation for achievement, competitiveness and deliberate practice of youth basketball players associated with differences in biological maturity status, chronological age and years of training experience. Reflecting the importance of interactive effects, we examined the relationships between the psychological variables and functional capacities. Fifty-eight male basketball players aged 9.5 to 15.5 years were considered. Variables included chronological age, estimated age at peak height velocity, stature, body mass and sitting height by anthropometry; the Work and Family Orientation and Deliberate Practice Motivation Questionnaires were also used. Finally, the Line Drill test and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) tests were used as functional capacities indicators for basketball. Variance components models derived from series of multilevel linear regression models revealed a substantial variation by maturity status for body size, functional capacities indicators, mastery and will to excel. The influence of estimated maturity status on mastery and will to excel was independent of age and years of experience. In contrast, no relationships were observed between psychological variables and functional capacities indicators. We conclude that growth-related changes are relevant to understanding players´ motivations for achievement, competitiveness and deliberate practice. This should be of interest to those involved in the selection and development of youth basketball players.
体育科学家尚未完全理解多种因素对体育成功之路的相互作用。在本研究中，我们考察了与生物成熟状态、实足年龄和训练年限差异相关的青少年篮球运动员的身体尺寸、功能能力以及成就动机、竞争力和刻意练习方面的差异。为反映交互作用的重要性，我们考察了心理变量与功能能力之间的关系。研究纳入了58名年龄在9.5至15.5岁之间的男性篮球运动员。变量包括实足年龄、身高增长高峰期的估计年龄、通过人体测量得到的身高、体重和坐高；还使用了工作与家庭取向问卷和刻意练习动机问卷。最后，直线折返跑测试和Yo-Yo间歇恢复水平1（Yo-Yo IR1）测试被用作篮球功能能力指标。源自一系列多水平线性回归模型的方差成分模型显示，身体尺寸、功能能力指标、掌握程度和追求卓越的意愿在成熟状态方面存在显著差异。估计成熟状态对掌握程度和追求卓越意愿的影响独立于年龄和经验年限。相比之下，未观察到心理变量与功能能力指标之间存在关联。我们得出结论，与生长相关的变化对于理解运动员的成就动机、竞争力和刻意练习具有重要意义。这对于参与青少年篮球运动员选拔和培养的人员来说应该是有意义的。
