Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
School of Sport, York St John University, York YO31 7EX, UK.
J Sport Health Sci. 2021 Jul;10(4):403-412. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.09.003. Epub 2020 Sep 19.
Biological maturation can be defined as the timing and tempo of progress to achieving a mature state. The estimation of age of peak height velocity (PHV) or percentage of final estimated adult stature attainment (%EASA) is typically used to inform the training process in young athletes. In youth soccer, maturity-related changes in anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics are diverse among individuals, particularly around PHV. During this time, players are also at an increased risk of sustaining an overuse or growth-related injury. As a result, the implementation of training interventions can be challenging. The purpose of this review was to (1) highlight and discuss many of the methods that can be used to estimate maturation in the applied setting and (2) discuss the implications of manipulating training load around PHV on physical development and injury risk. We have provided key stakeholders with a practical online tool for estimating player maturation status (Supplementary Maturity Estimation Tools). Whilst estimating maturity using predictive equations is useful in guiding the training process, practitioners should be aware of its limitations. To increase the accuracy and usefulness of data, it is also vital that sports scientists implement reliable testing protocols at predetermined time-points.
生物成熟度可以定义为达到成熟状态的时间和进度。估计身高生长速度峰值（PHV）或最终估计成人身高百分比（%EASA）通常用于为年轻运动员的训练过程提供信息。在青年足球中，与成熟度相关的人体测量和身体素质特征的变化在个体之间是多种多样的，尤其是在 PHV 周围。在此期间，运动员也有更高的风险遭受过度使用或与生长相关的伤害。因此，实施训练干预可能具有挑战性。本综述的目的是：（1）强调和讨论许多可用于在应用环境中估计成熟度的方法；（2）讨论围绕 PHV 操纵训练负荷对身体发育和受伤风险的影响。我们为利益相关者提供了一个用于估计运动员成熟度的实用在线工具（补充成熟度估计工具）。虽然使用预测方程估计成熟度在指导训练过程方面很有用，但从业者应该意识到其局限性。为了提高数据的准确性和有用性，体育科学家在预定的时间点实施可靠的测试方案也至关重要。
