García-Pinillos Felipe, Ramírez-Campillo Rodrigo, Boullosa Daniel, Jiménez-Reyes Pedro, Latorre-Román Pedro Á
Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
J Hum Kinet. 2021 Oct 31;80:297-308. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0101. eCollection 2021 Oct.
Jumping performance (e.g., countermovement jump [CMJ]), as a measure of neuromuscular performance, has been suggested as an easy-to-use tool which simultaneously provides neuromuscular and metabolic information and, thereby, allows coaches to confidently monitor the status of their athletes during a workout. This hypothesis has been satisfactorily tested with sprint athletes. However, the rationale for the use of CMJ height loss as an index to monitor the workload during an endurance running session is not sufficiently evidence-based. First, it is assumed that a CMJ height loss occurs during typical interval training for endurance runners. Second, it is also assumed that a significant relationship between metabolic stress and the neuromuscular strain induced during these endurance workouts exists. These two assumptions will be questioned in this review by critically analyzing the kinetics of CMJ performance during and after running workouts, and the relationship between neuromuscular and physiological stress induced during different protocols in endurance runners. The current evidence shows that fatigue induced by common running workouts for endurance runners does not counterbalance the potentiation effect in the CMJ height. Additionally, the findings reported among different studies are consistent regarding the lack of association between CMJ height loss and physiological stress during interval sessions in endurance runners. In practical terms, the authors suggest that this marker of neuromuscular fatigue may not be used to regulate the external training load during running workouts in endurance runners. Nevertheless, the analysis of CMJ height during running workouts may serve to monitor chronic adaptations to training in endurance runners.
跳跃能力(如反向移动跳跃[CMJ])作为神经肌肉功能的一项指标,已被视为一种易于使用的工具,它能同时提供神经肌肉和代谢信息,从而使教练能够在训练期间自信地监测运动员的状态。这一假设已在短跑运动员身上得到了令人满意的验证。然而,将CMJ高度下降作为监测耐力跑训练期间工作量的指标,其理论依据并不充分。首先,假定耐力跑运动员在典型的间歇训练中会出现CMJ高度下降。其次,还假定在这些耐力训练期间,代谢应激与所诱发的神经肌肉应变之间存在显著关联。在本综述中,将通过批判性地分析跑步训练期间及之后CMJ表现的动力学,以及耐力跑运动员在不同训练方案中所诱发的神经肌肉与生理应激之间的关系,对这两个假设提出质疑。目前的证据表明,耐力跑运动员常见的跑步训练所诱发的疲劳并不会抵消CMJ高度的增强效应。此外,不同研究报告的结果在耐力跑运动员间歇训练期间CMJ高度下降与生理应激之间缺乏关联这一点上是一致的。实际上,作者建议,这种神经肌肉疲劳指标可能无法用于调节耐力跑运动员跑步训练期间的外部训练负荷。尽管如此,对跑步训练期间CMJ高度的分析可能有助于监测耐力跑运动员对训练的长期适应性。