Lee Hyun, Jang Tae-Sik, Han Ginam, Kim Hae-Won, Jung Hyun-Do
Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering (BMCE), The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
J Tissue Eng. 2021 Nov 29;12:20417314211057236. doi: 10.1177/20417314211057236. eCollection 2021 Jan-Dec.
In recent years, freeform three-dimensional (3D) printing has led to significant advances in the fabrication of artificial tissues with vascularized structures. This technique utilizes a supporting matrix that holds the extruded printing ink and ensures shape maintenance of the printed 3D constructs within the prescribed spatial precision. Since the printing nozzle can be translated omnidirectionally within the supporting matrix, freeform 3D printing is potentially applicable for the fabrication of complex 3D objects, incorporating curved, and irregular shaped vascular networks. To optimize freeform 3D printing quality and performance, the rheological properties of the printing ink and supporting matrix, and the material matching between them are of paramount importance. In this review, we shall compare conventional 3D printing and freeform 3D printing technologies for the fabrication of vascular constructs, and critically discuss their working principles and their advantages and disadvantages. We also provide the detailed material information of emerging printing inks and supporting matrices in recent freeform 3D printing studies. The accompanying challenges are further discussed, aiming to guide freeform 3D printing by the effective design and selection of the most appropriate materials/processes for the development of full-scale functional vascularized artificial tissues.
近年来，自由形式三维（3D）打印在具有血管化结构的人工组织制造方面取得了重大进展。该技术利用一种支撑基质来容纳挤出的打印墨水，并确保打印的3D结构在规定的空间精度内保持形状。由于打印喷嘴可以在支撑基质内全方位平移，自由形式3D打印有可能适用于制造复杂的3D物体，包括弯曲和不规则形状的血管网络。为了优化自由形式3D打印的质量和性能，打印墨水和支撑基质的流变特性以及它们之间的材料匹配至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们将比较传统3D打印和自由形式3D打印技术在血管结构制造方面的情况，并批判性地讨论它们的工作原理以及优缺点。我们还提供了近期自由形式3D打印研究中新兴打印墨水和支撑基质的详细材料信息。进一步讨论了随之而来的挑战，旨在通过有效设计和选择最合适的材料/工艺来指导自由形式3D打印，以开发全尺寸功能性血管化人工组织。
