Imboden Christian, Claussen Malte Christian, Iff Samuel, Quednow Boris B, Seifritz Erich, Spörri Jörg, Scherr Johannes, Fröhlich Stefan
Private Clinic Wyss, Muenchenbuchsee, Switzerland.
Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Front Sports Act Living. 2021 Nov 16;3:759335. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2021.759335. eCollection 2021.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, increased patterns of substance use have been reported in the general population. However, whether this also applies to athletes is not yet clear. This study aimed to detect changes in alcohol consumption and cannabis use in elite athletes and bodybuilders during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Switzerland. Between April 25 and May 25, 2020, a cross-sectional online survey was conducted among bodybuilders and Swiss elite athletes who were active in Olympic sports and disciplines approved by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on at least the national level. The collected data included information on alcohol and cannabis use during the last month (lockdown) and in the year before COVID-19 lockdown (pre-lockdown), daily training times, existential fears on a scale from 1 to 100, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression (PHQ-9), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). = 275 athletes (elite athletes: = 193; bodybuilders: = 82) was included in this study. Both pre-lockdown and during lockdown, more bodybuilders used cannabis (both time points: < 0.001) than elite athletes, and more elite athletes drank alcohol (pre-lockdown: = 0.005, lockdown: = 0.002) compared to bodybuilders. During lockdown, fewer athletes drank alcohol compared to before, but those who continued drinking did so on more days per week ( < 0.001, Eta = 0.13). Elite athletes were more likely to increase their drinking with 17.7 vs. 8.2% in bodybuilders. When compared to pre-lockdown measures, the number of athletes using cannabis did not change during lockdown. Only three of 203 elite athletes reported using cannabis during lockdown; this contrasts with 16 of 85 bodybuilders. In a multivariate regression model, existential fears and a lower ISI score were significant predictors for increased alcohol consumption during the lockdown in the entire sample. In a model based on elite athletes only, male sex and a lower ISI score predicted increased alcohol consumption. In a bodybuilder-based model, predictors of increased alcohol consumption were existential fears and trait anxiety. We suggest identifying athletes who are at risk for increased alcohol and cannabis use; we suggest this to be able to professionally support them during stressful times, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
在新冠疫情期间，有报告称普通人群中物质使用模式有所增加。然而，这是否也适用于运动员尚不清楚。本研究旨在检测瑞士首次新冠疫情封锁期间精英运动员和健美运动员的酒精消费和大麻使用情况的变化。2020年4月25日至5月25日，对活跃于至少国家层面的国际奥委会（IOC）批准的奥运会项目和体育项目中的健美运动员和瑞士精英运动员进行了一项横断面在线调查。收集的数据包括过去一个月（封锁期间）和新冠疫情封锁前一年（封锁前）的酒精和大麻使用信息、每日训练时间、1至100分的生存恐惧程度、用于评估抑郁的患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）、失眠严重程度指数（ISI）以及状态-特质焦虑量表（STAI）。本研究纳入了275名运动员（精英运动员：193名；健美运动员：82名）。在封锁前和封锁期间，使用大麻的健美运动员均多于精英运动员（两个时间点均为：P<0.001），与健美运动员相比，饮酒的精英运动员更多（封锁前：P = 0.005，封锁期间：P = 0.002）。与封锁前相比，封锁期间饮酒的运动员减少，但继续饮酒的运动员每周饮酒天数更多（P<0.001，Eta = 0.13）。精英运动员饮酒增加的可能性更大，健美运动员为8.2%，精英运动员为17.7%。与封锁前的测量结果相比，封锁期间使用大麻的运动员人数没有变化。203名精英运动员中只有三人报告在封锁期间使用大麻；相比之下，85名健美运动员中有16人。在多变量回归模型中，可以预测整个样本在封锁期间酒精消费增加的显著因素是生存恐惧和较低的ISI得分。在仅基于精英运动员的模型中，男性和较低的ISI得分可预测酒精消费增加。在基于健美运动员的模型中，酒精消费增加的预测因素是生存恐惧和特质焦虑。我们建议识别有酒精和大麻使用增加风险的运动员；我们建议这样做是为了在压力时期，如新冠疫情期间，能够专业地支持他们。
