Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
J Cell Sci. 2021 Dec 1;134(23). doi: 10.1242/jcs.259110. Epub 2021 Dec 6.
The Golgi functions principally in the biogenesis and trafficking of glycoproteins and lipids. It is compartmentalized into multiple flattened adherent membrane sacs termed cisternae, which each contain a distinct repertoire of resident proteins, principally enzymes that modify newly synthesized proteins and lipids sequentially as they traffic through the stack of Golgi cisternae. Upon reaching the final compartments of the Golgi, the trans cisterna and trans-Golgi network (TGN), processed glycoproteins and lipids are packaged into coated and non-coated transport carriers derived from the trans Golgi and TGN. The cargoes of clathrin-coated vesicles are chiefly residents of endo-lysosomal organelles, while uncoated carriers ferry cargo to the cell surface. There are outstanding questions regarding the mechanisms of protein and lipid sorting within the Golgi for export to different organelles. Nonetheless, conceptual advances have begun to define the key molecular features of cargo clients and the mechanisms underlying their sorting into distinct export pathways, which we have collated in this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster.
高尔基体主要在糖蛋白和脂类的生物发生和运输中发挥作用。它被分隔成多个扁平附着的膜囊，称为潴泡，每个潴泡都含有独特的常驻蛋白，主要是酶，它们在糖蛋白和脂类通过堆叠的高尔基体潴泡运输时依次修饰新合成的蛋白质和脂类。当到达高尔基体的最后一个隔室——反式潴泡和反式高尔基网络（TGN）时，经过加工的糖蛋白和脂类被包装到源自反式高尔基和 TGN 的有被和无被运输载体中。网格蛋白包被小泡的货物主要是内溶酶体细胞器的居民，而无被载体将货物运送到细胞表面。关于高尔基体中用于向不同细胞器输出的蛋白质和脂类的分拣机制仍存在悬而未决的问题。尽管如此，概念上的进展已经开始定义货物客户的关键分子特征及其分拣到不同输出途径的机制，我们在这篇《细胞科学一览》文章和配套海报中进行了汇总。
