Turja Tuuli, Taipale Sakari, Niemelä Marketta, Oinas Tomi
Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Kalevantie 5, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Int J Soc Robot. 2022;14(4):931-944. doi: 10.1007/s12369-021-00841-2. Epub 2021 Dec 2.
Robots have been slowly but steadily introduced to welfare sectors. Our previous observations based on a large-scale survey study on Finnish elder-care workers in 2016 showed that while robots were perceived to be useful in certain telecare tasks, using robots may also prove to be incompatible with the care workers' personal values. The current study presents the second wave of the survey data from 2020, with the same respondents (N = 190), and shows how these views have changed for the positive, including higher expectations of telecare robotization and decreased concerns over care robots' compatibility with personal values. In a longitudinal analysis (Phase 1), the positive change in views toward telecare robots was found to be influenced by the care robots' higher value compatibility. In an additional cross-sectional analysis (Phase 2), focusing on the factors underlying personal values, care robots' value compatibility was associated with social norms toward care robots, the threat of technological unemployment, and COVID-19 stress. The significance of social norms in robot acceptance came down to more universal ethical standards of care work rather than shared norms in the workplace. COVID-19 stress did not explain the temporal changes in views about robot use in care but had a role in assessments of the compatibility between personal values and care robot use. In conclusion, for care workers to see potential in care robots, the new technology must support ethical standards of care work, such as respectfulness, compassion, and trustworthiness of the nurse-patient interaction. In robotizing care work, personal values are significant predictors of the task values.
机器人已逐渐但稳步地被引入福利领域。我们之前基于2016年对芬兰老年护理工作者的大规模调查研究得出的观察结果表明,虽然人们认为机器人在某些远程护理任务中有用,但使用机器人也可能与护理人员的个人价值观不相容。当前的研究展示了2020年第二轮调查数据,调查对象相同(N = 190),并表明这些观点已朝着积极方向转变,包括对远程护理机器人化的更高期望以及对护理机器人与个人价值观兼容性的担忧减少。在纵向分析(第一阶段)中,发现对远程护理机器人看法的积极变化受到护理机器人更高的价值兼容性的影响。在另一项横断面分析(第二阶段)中,聚焦于个人价值观背后的因素,护理机器人的价值兼容性与对护理机器人的社会规范、技术失业的威胁以及新冠疫情压力相关。社会规范在机器人接受度方面的重要性归结为护理工作更普遍的道德标准,而非工作场所的共享规范。新冠疫情压力并未解释对护理中机器人使用看法的时间变化,但在评估个人价值观与护理机器人使用之间的兼容性方面起到了作用。总之,为了让护理人员看到护理机器人的潜力,新技术必须支持护理工作的道德标准,如护士与患者互动中的尊重、同情和可信赖性。在护理工作的机器人化过程中,个人价值观是任务价值的重要预测因素。