Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.
Addiction. 2022 Jul;117(7):1871-1886. doi: 10.1111/add.15777. Epub 2022 Jan 10.
In India, alcohol per capita consumption (APC) has substantially increased over the past 2 decades. Although consumption does vary across the country, consistent state-level data are lacking. We aimed to identify all state-level alcohol exposure estimates since 2000 to (i) model consistent current drinking (CD) (12 months) prevalence estimates for all 36 states/union territories (UT) in 2019 and (ii) compare state-level CD trends with national-level APC trends.
A systematic review for studies on the Indian state-level prevalence of CD, lifetime abstinence (LA), alcohol use disorders (AUD) or the quantity of alcohol consumed among current drinkers (QU) was conducted. Subsequently, statistical modelling was applied.
Data were collected and modelled for all Indian states/UTs.
Studies since 2000 referring to the general adult population (≥15 years) of at least one Indian state/UT were eligible. The total sample size covered was ~29 600 000 (males: females, 1:1.6).
Results on LA, AUD and QU were summarized descriptively. For (i) the state-, sex- and age-specific CD prevalence was estimated using random intercept fractional response models. For (ii) random intercept and slope models were performed.
Of 2870 studies identified, 30 were retained for data extraction. LA, AUD and QU data were available for 31, 36 and 12 states/UTs, respectively. CD model estimates ranged from 6.4% (95% CI = 2.1%-18.1%; males) in Lakshadweep and 1.3% (95% CI = 0.7%-2.6%; females) in Delhi to 76.1% (95% CI = 68.1%-82.6%; males) and 63.7% (95% CI = 49.4%-75.7%; females) in Arunachal Pradesh. Over time, CD decreased in most states/UTs in the observed data, contradicting increasing national-level APC trends.
Alcohol use (measured as consistent current drinking) in India has large regional variations, with alcohol consumption being most prevalent in the North-East, Chhattisgarh, Telangana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Jharkhand.
在过去的 20 年里，印度的人均酒精消费量（APC）大幅增加。尽管全国各地的消费情况有所不同，但缺乏一致的州级数据。我们的目的是确定自 2000 年以来所有的州级酒精暴露估计值，以便：（i）为 2019 年的所有 36 个邦/联邦属地（UT）建模一致的当前饮酒（CD）（12 个月）流行率估计值；（ii）比较州级 CD 趋势与国家 APC 趋势。
对印度州级 CD、终身戒酒（LA）、酒精使用障碍（AUD）或当前饮酒者饮酒量（QU）的流行率进行了系统综述。随后，应用了统计建模。
数据收集和建模覆盖了所有印度邦/UT。
自 2000 年以来，至少涉及一个印度邦/UT 的一般成年人群体（≥15 岁）的研究符合条件。总共涵盖的样本量约为 2960 万（男性：女性，1:1.6）。
对 LA、AUD 和 QU 的结果进行了描述性总结。对于（i）使用随机截距分数响应模型估计州、性别和年龄特异性 CD 流行率。对于（ii）进行了随机截距和斜率模型。
在确定的 2870 项研究中，有 30 项被保留用于数据提取。分别有 31、36 和 12 个邦/UT 提供了 LA、AUD 和 QU 数据。CD 模型估计值范围从拉克沙德韦普的 6.4%（95%CI=2.1%-18.1%；男性）和德里的 1.3%（95%CI=0.7%-2.6%；女性）到阿鲁纳恰尔邦的 76.1%（95%CI=68.1%-82.6%；男性）和 63.7%（95%CI=49.4%-75.7%；女性）。随着时间的推移，在观察到的数据中，大多数邦/UT 的 CD 下降，与国家 APC 趋势的上升相矛盾。
印度的饮酒（以持续当前饮酒衡量）存在较大的地区差异，东北地区、恰蒂斯加尔邦、特伦甘纳邦、喜马偕尔邦、旁遮普邦和恰尔康得邦的酒精消费最为普遍。
