Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia.
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022 Feb;13(1):42-54. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12880. Epub 2021 Dec 8.
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a haematological malignancy with poor survival odds, particularly in the older (>65 years) population, in whom it is most prevalent. Treatment consists of induction and consolidation chemotherapy to remit the cancer followed by potentially curative haematopoietic cell transplantation. These intense treatments are debilitating and increase the risk of mortality. Patient stratification is used to mitigate this risk and considers a variety of factors, including body mass, to determine whether a patient is suitable for any or all treatment options. Skeletal muscle mass, the primary constituent of the body lean mass, may be a better predictor of patient suitability for, and outcomes of, AML treatment. Yet skeletal muscle is compromised by a variety of factors associated with AML and its clinical treatment consistent with cachexia, a life-threatening body wasting syndrome. Cachectic muscle wasting is associated with both cancer and anticancer chemotherapy. Although not traditionally associated with haematological cancers, cachexia is observed in AML and can have dire consequences. In this review, we discuss the importance of addressing skeletal muscle mass and cachexia within the AML clinical landscape in view of improving survivability of this disease.
急性髓系白血病（AML）是一种血液系统恶性肿瘤，其生存率较差，尤其是在年龄较大（>65 岁）的人群中，该病更为常见。治疗包括诱导和巩固化疗以缓解癌症，随后进行潜在的治愈性造血细胞移植。这些强烈的治疗方法会使人衰弱，并增加死亡风险。患者分层用于降低这种风险，并考虑多种因素，包括体重，以确定患者是否适合任何或所有治疗选择。骨骼肌质量是身体瘦体重的主要组成部分，可能是预测 AML 治疗患者适宜性和治疗结果的更好指标。然而，骨骼肌受到与 AML 及其临床治疗相关的多种因素的损害，这些因素与恶病质一致，恶病质是一种危及生命的身体消耗综合征。癌性肌肉消耗与癌症和抗癌化疗都有关。虽然恶病质通常与血液系统癌症无关，但在 AML 中也观察到恶病质，可能会产生严重后果。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了在 AML 临床环境中解决骨骼肌质量和恶病质的重要性，以提高这种疾病的生存率。
