Britton Willoughby B, Desbordes Gaëlle, Acabchuk Rebecca, Peters Sarah, Lindahl Jared R, Canby Nicholas K, Vago David R, Dumais Travis, Lipsky Jonah, Kimmel Hannah, Sager Lauren, Rahrig Hadley, Cheaito Aya, Acero Pamela, Scharf Jodi, Lazar Sara W, Schuman-Olivier Zev, Ferrer Rebecca, Moitra Ethan
School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
Front Psychol. 2021 Nov 22;12:730972. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.730972. eCollection 2021.
Self-related processes (SRPs) have been theorized as key mechanisms of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), but the evidence supporting these theories is currently unclear. This evidence map introduces a comprehensive framework for different types of SRPs, and how they are theorized to function as mechanisms of MBIs (target identification). The evidence map then assesses SRP target engagement by mindfulness training and the relationship between target engagement and outcomes (target validation). Discussion of the measurement of SRPs is also included. The most common SRPs measured and engaged by standard MBIs represented valenced evaluations of self-concept, including rumination, self-compassion, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Rumination showed the strongest evidence as a mechanism for depression, with other physical and mental health outcomes also supported. Self-compassion showed consistent target engagement but was inconsistently related to improved outcomes. Decentering and interoception are emerging potential mechanisms, but their construct validity and different subcomponents are still in development. While some embodied self-specifying processes are being measured in cross-sectional and meditation induction studies, very few have been assessed in MBIs. The SRPs with the strongest mechanistic support represent positive and negative evaluations of self-concept. In sum, few SRPs have been measured in MBIs, and additional research using well-validated measures is needed to clarify their role as mechanisms.
自我相关过程（SRPs）已被理论化为基于正念的干预措施（MBIs）的关键机制，但支持这些理论的证据目前尚不清楚。本证据图谱引入了一个针对不同类型SRPs的综合框架，以及它们如何被理论化为MBIs的机制（目标识别）。然后，该证据图谱评估了通过正念训练实现的SRP目标参与度，以及目标参与度与结果之间的关系（目标验证）。还包括对SRPs测量方法的讨论。标准MBIs测量和涉及的最常见SRPs代表了对自我概念的有价值评估，包括反刍、自我同情、自我效能感和自尊。反刍作为抑郁症的一种机制有最有力的证据支持，其他身心健康结果也得到了支持。自我同情显示出一致的目标参与度，但与改善结果的关系并不一致。去中心化和内感受是新兴的潜在机制，但其结构效度和不同子成分仍在发展中。虽然一些具身自我指定过程在横断面研究和冥想诱导研究中得到了测量，但在MBIs中进行评估的却很少。具有最强机制支持的SRPs代表了对自我概念的积极和消极评估。总之，在MBIs中测量的SRPs很少，需要使用经过充分验证的测量方法进行更多研究，以阐明它们作为机制的作用。
