静息心率和心率变异性变化的背后是什么？在自由生活中获得的纵向测量的大规模分析。

What Is behind Changes in Resting Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability? A Large-Scale Analysis of Longitudinal Measurements Acquired in Free-Living.

机构信息

Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, 17 Antares Place, Rosedale, Auckland 0632, New Zealand.

出版信息

Sensors (Basel). 2021 Nov 27;21(23):7932. doi: 10.3390/s21237932.

DOI:10.3390/s21237932

PMID:34883936

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8659706/

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) with respect to individual characteristics and acute stressors. In particular, the relationship between heart rate, HRV, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity level was analyzed cross-sectionally in a large sample of 28,175 individuals. Additionally, the change in heart rate and HRV in response to common acute stressors such as training of different intensities, alcohol intake, the menstrual cycle, and sickness was analyzed longitudinally. Acute stressors were analyzed over a period of 5 years for a total of 9 million measurements (320±374 measurements per person). HRV at the population level reduced with age ( < 0.05, r = -0.35, effect size = moderate) and was weakly associated with physical activity level ( < 0.05, r = 0.21, effect size = small) and not associated with sex ( = 0.35, d = 0.02, effect size = negligible). Heart rate was moderately associated with physical activity level ( < 0.05, r = 0.30, effect size = moderate) and sex ( < 0.05, d = 0.63, effect size = moderate) but not with age ( = 0.35, r = -0.01). Similar relationships between BMI, resting heart rate ( < 0.05, r = 0.19, effect size = small), and HRV ( < 0.05, r = -0.10, effect size = small) are shown. In response to acute stressors, we report a 4.6% change in HRV ( < 0.05, d = 0.36, effect size = small) and a 1.3% change in heart rate ( < 0.05, d = 0.38, effect size = small) in response to training, a 6% increase in heart rate ( < 0.05, d = 0.97, effect size = large) and a 12% reduction in HRV ( < 0.05, d = 0.55, effect size = moderate) after high alcohol intake, a 1.6% change in heart rate ( < 0.05, d = 1.41, effect size = large) and a 3.2% change in HRV ( < 0.05, d = 0.80, effect size = large) between the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle, and a 6% increase in heart rate ( < 0.05, d = 0.97, effect size = large) and 10% reduction in HRV ( < 0.05, d = 0.47, effect size = moderate) during sickness. Acute stressors analysis revealed how HRV is a more sensitive but not specific marker of stress. In conclusion, a short resting heart rate and HRV measurement upon waking using a smartphone app can effectively be used in free-living to quantify individual stress responses across a large range of individuals and stressors.

摘要

本研究旨在探讨心率与心率变异性（HRV）与个体特征和急性应激源之间的关系。具体来说，在 28175 名个体的大量样本中，对心率、HRV、年龄、性别、体重指数（BMI）和身体活动水平之间的关系进行了横断面分析。此外，还对不同强度的训练、饮酒、月经周期和疾病等常见急性应激源引起的心率和 HRV 的变化进行了纵向分析。在 5 年的时间里，对急性应激源进行了分析，共进行了 900 万次测量（每人 320±374 次测量）。人群水平的 HRV 随年龄的增长而降低（<0.05，r=-0.35，效应大小为中等），与身体活动水平呈弱相关（<0.05，r=0.21，效应大小为小），与性别无关（=0.35，d=0.02，效应大小为微不足道）。心率与身体活动水平中度相关（<0.05，r=0.30，效应大小为中等）和性别（<0.05，d=0.63，效应大小为中等）有关，但与年龄无关（=0.35，r=-0.01）。BMI、静息心率（<0.05，r=0.19，效应大小为小）和 HRV（<0.05，r=-0.10，效应大小为小）也存在类似的关系。我们报告说，对急性应激源的反应会导致 HRV 发生 4.6%的变化（<0.05，d=0.36，效应大小为小）和心率发生 1.3%的变化（<0.05，d=0.38，效应大小为小），训练后心率增加 6%（<0.05，d=0.97，效应大小为大）和 HRV 减少 12%（<0.05，d=0.55，效应大小为中等），大量饮酒后心率增加 1.6%（<0.05，d=1.41，效应大小为大）和 HRV 减少 3.2%（<0.05，d=0.80，效应大小为大），月经周期的滤泡期和黄体期之间心率变化 1.6%（<0.05，d=1.41，效应大小为大）和 HRV 变化 3.2%（<0.05，d=0.80，效应大小为大），疾病期间心率增加 6%（<0.05，d=0.97，效应大小为大）和 HRV 减少 10%（<0.05，d=0.47，效应大小为中等）。急性应激源分析揭示了 HRV 是一种更敏感但不特异的应激标志物。总之，使用智能手机应用程序在醒来时进行短暂的静息心率和 HRV 测量，可以有效地在自由生活中对大量个体和应激源的个体应激反应进行量化。