Adnoviv, Inc., Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jan 18;13(1):954. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-27425-6.
Cognitive buildings use data on how occupants respond to the built environment to proactively make occupant-centric adjustments to lighting, temperature, ventilation, and other environmental parameters. However, sensors that unobtrusively and ubiquitously measure occupant responses are lacking. Here we show that Doppler-radar based sensors, which can sense small physiological motions, provide accurate occupancy detection and estimation of vital signs in challenging, realistic circumstances. Occupancy was differentiated from an empty room over 93% of the time in a 3.4 m × 8.5 m conference room with a single sensor in both wall and ceiling-mounted configurations. Occupancy was successfully detected while an occupant was under the table, visibly blocked from the sensor, a scenario where infrared, ultrasound, and video-based occupancy sensors would fail. Heart and respiratory rates were detected in all seats in the conference room with a single ceiling-mounted sensor. The occupancy sensor can be used to control HVAC and lighting with a short, 1-2 min delay and to provide information for space utilization optimization. Heart and respiratory rate sensing could provide additional feedback to future human-building interactive systems that use vital signs to determine how occupant comfort and wellness is changing with time.
认知型建筑利用有关居住者对建筑环境的反应的数据，主动对灯光、温度、通风和其他环境参数进行以居住者为中心的调整。然而，缺乏能够毫不显眼且无处不在地测量居住者反应的传感器。在这里，我们展示了基于多普勒雷达的传感器可以感知微小的生理运动，从而在具有挑战性的现实环境中提供准确的占用检测和生命体征估计。在一个 3.4 米×8.5 米的会议室中，单个传感器在墙壁和天花板安装配置中，超过 93%的时间可以区分占用情况和空房间。当居住者在桌子下面，明显被传感器遮挡时，仍能成功检测到占用情况，而红外、超声和基于视频的占用传感器则会失效。使用单个天花板安装的传感器，可以在会议室的所有座位上检测到心率和呼吸率。占用传感器可以用于控制暖通空调和照明，延迟时间短至 1-2 分钟，并提供有关空间利用优化的信息。心率和呼吸率感测可以为未来使用生命体征来确定居住者舒适度和健康状况随时间变化的人机交互系统提供额外的反馈。
