Picerno Angela, Stasi Alessandra, Franzin Rossana, Curci Claudia, di Bari Ighli, Gesualdo Loreto, Sallustio Fabio
Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70124, Italy.
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari 70124, Italy.
World J Stem Cells. 2021 Nov 26;13(11):1714-1732. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1714.
Nowadays, it is clear that adult stem cells, also called as tissue stem cells, play a central role to repair and maintain the tissue in which they reside by their self-renewal ability and capacity of differentiating into distinct and specialized cells. As stem cells age, their renewal ability declines and their capacity to maintain organ homeostasis and regeneration is impaired. From a molecular perspective, these changes in stem cells properties can be due to several types of cell intrinsic injury and DNA aberrant alteration ( epigenomic profile) as well as changes in the tissue microenviroment, both into the niche and by systemic circulating factors. Strikingly, it has been suggested that aging-induced deterioration of stem cell functions may play a key role in the pathophysiology of the various aging-associated disorders. Therefore, understanding how resident stem cell age and affects near and distant tissues is fundamental. Here, we examine the current knowledge about aging mechanisms in several kinds of adult stem cells under physiological and pathological conditions and the principal aging-related changes in number, function and phenotype that determine the loss of tissue renewal properties. Furthermore, we examine the possible cell rejuvenation strategies. Stem cell rejuvenation may reverse the aging phenotype and the discovery of effective methods for inducing and differentiating pluripotent stem cells for cell replacement therapies could open up new possibilities for treating age-related diseases.
如今，很明显，成体干细胞，也被称为组织干细胞，通过其自我更新能力以及分化为不同类型和特化细胞的能力，在修复和维持它们所驻留的组织方面发挥着核心作用。随着干细胞衰老，它们的更新能力下降，维持器官内环境稳定和再生的能力受损。从分子角度来看，干细胞特性的这些变化可能归因于几种类型的细胞内在损伤和DNA异常改变（表观基因组图谱），以及组织微环境的变化，包括小生境内的变化和全身循环因子引起的变化。引人注目的是，有人提出衰老诱导的干细胞功能衰退可能在各种与衰老相关疾病的病理生理学中起关键作用。因此，了解驻留干细胞如何衰老以及如何影响附近和远处组织至关重要。在这里，我们研究了在生理和病理条件下几种成体干细胞衰老机制的现有知识，以及决定组织更新特性丧失的数量、功能和表型方面与衰老相关的主要变化。此外，我们研究了可能的细胞年轻化策略。干细胞年轻化可能会逆转衰老表型，而发现用于细胞替代疗法的诱导和分化多能干细胞的有效方法可能会为治疗与年龄相关的疾病开辟新的可能性。
