Veterinary College and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Orathanadu-614 625, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.
ICAR-National Institute of High-Security Animal Diseases, OIE Reference lab for Avian Influenza, Bhopal - 462021, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Genome. 2022 Apr;65(4):241-254. doi: 10.1139/gen-2021-0030. Epub 2021 Dec 16.
cattle breeds have been naturally selected for thousands of years for disease resistance and thermo-tolerance. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying these specific inherited characteristics must be elucidated. Hence, in this study, a whole-genome comparative analysis of the cattle breeds Kangayam, Tharparkar, Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, and Hariana of the Indian subcontinent was conducted. Genetic variant identification analysis revealed 155 851 012 SNPs and 10 062 805 InDels in the mapped reads across all cattle breeds. The functional annotation of 17 252 genes that comprised both SNPs and InDels, with high functional impact on proteins, was carried out. The functional annotation results revealed the pathways involved in the innate immune response, including toll-like receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, Jak-STAT signaling pathways, and non-synonymous variants in the candidate immune genes. We also identified several pathways involved in the heat shock response, hair and skin properties, oxidative stress response, osmotic stress response, thermal sweating, feed intake, metabolism, and non-synonymous variants in the candidate thermo-tolerant genes. These pathways and genes directly or indirectly contribute to the disease resistance and thermo-tolerance adaptations of cattle breeds.
几千年来，牛种一直被自然选择用于抗病性和耐热性。然而，这些特定遗传特征的遗传机制尚待阐明。因此，本研究对印度次大陆的 Kangayam、Tharparkar、Sahiwal、Red Sindhi 和 Hariana 等牛种进行了全基因组比较分析。遗传变异识别分析显示，在所有牛种的 mapped reads 中发现了 155851012 个 SNPs 和 10062805 个 InDels。对包含 SNPs 和 InDels 的 17252 个基因进行了功能注释，这些基因对蛋白质具有高功能影响。功能注释结果揭示了参与固有免疫反应的途径，包括 Toll 样受体、视黄酸诱导基因 I 样受体、NOD 样受体、Jak-STAT 信号通路以及候选免疫基因中的非同义变异。我们还鉴定了几个参与热应激反应、毛发和皮肤特性、氧化应激反应、渗透胁迫反应、热出汗、摄食、代谢以及候选耐热基因中的非同义变异的途径。这些途径和基因直接或间接地有助于牛种的抗病性和耐热性适应。
