Mandim Filipa, Petropoulos Spyridon A, Dias Maria Inês, Pinela José, Kostić Marina, Soković Marina, Santos-Buelga Celestino, Ferreira Isabel C F R, Barros Lillian
Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
Grupo de Investigación en Polifenoles (GIP-USAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Miguel de Unamuno s/n, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Nov 28;10(12):1907. doi: 10.3390/antiox10121907.
Hydroethanolic extracts of cardoon petioles collected at sixteen growth stages (P1-P16) were characterized in terms of their phenolic composition and bioactive potential (antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities). Fifteen phenolic compounds were tentatively identified (i.e., ten phenolic acids and five flavonoid glycosides); the main compounds were 5--caffeoylquinic and 1,5-di--caffeoylquinic acids. Samples collected at early maturity (P1-P4) presented a weak positive correlation between the higher content in polyphenols (P3: 101-mg/g extract) and better inhibition capacity against thiobarbituric acid reactive substance formation (TBARS; P3: IC = 5.0 µg/mL). Samples at intermediate maturation stages (P9) presented higher cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory potential. Moreover, immature petioles showed greater antihemolytic (OxHLIA; P4: IC = 65 and 180 µg/mL for Δ of 60 and 120 min, respectively) and antibacterial activity. The antifungal activity varied depending on the maturation stage and the fungi strain. In conclusion, the maturation stage may greatly affect the polyphenols composition and content and the bioactive potential of cardoon petioles.
对在16个生长阶段（P1 - P16）采集的刺菜叶柄的乙醇提取物进行了酚类成分和生物活性潜力（抗氧化、细胞毒性、抗炎和抗菌活性）方面的表征。初步鉴定出15种酚类化合物（即10种酚酸和5种黄酮苷）；主要化合物为5 - 咖啡酰奎尼酸和1,5 - 二咖啡酰奎尼酸。在早熟阶段（P1 - P4）采集的样品中，多酚含量较高（P3：101 - mg/g提取物）与对硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质形成的更好抑制能力（TBARS；P3：IC = 5.0 µg/mL）之间呈现出弱正相关。处于中间成熟阶段（P9）的样品具有更高的细胞毒性和抗炎潜力。此外，未成熟的叶柄表现出更大的抗溶血（OxHLIA；P4：对于60分钟和120分钟的Δ，IC分别为65和180 µg/mL）和抗菌活性。抗真菌活性因成熟阶段和真菌菌株而异。总之，成熟阶段可能会极大地影响刺菜叶柄的多酚组成和含量以及生物活性潜力。
