Ansari Junaid, Gavins Felicity N E
Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.
The Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine (CIRTM), Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK.
Biomedicines. 2021 Dec 19;9(12):1945. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9121945.
Neutrophils and platelets exhibit a diverse repertoire of functions in thromboinflammatory conditions such as stroke. Most cerebral ischemic events result from longstanding chronic inflammation secondary to underlying pathogenic conditions, e.g., hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obstructive sleep apnea, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, morbid obesity, dyslipidemia, and sickle cell disease. Neutrophils can enable, as well as resolve, cerebrovascular inflammation via many effector functions including neutrophil extracellular traps, serine proteases and reactive oxygen species, and pro-resolving endogenous molecules such as Annexin A1. Like neutrophils, platelets also engage in pro- as well as anti-inflammatory roles in regulating cerebrovascular inflammation. These anucleated cells are at the core of stroke pathogenesis and can trigger an ischemic event via adherence to the hypoxic cerebral endothelial cells culminating in aggregation and clot formation. In this article, we review and highlight the evolving role of neutrophils and platelets in ischemic stroke and discuss ongoing preclinical and clinical strategies that may produce viable therapeutics for prevention and management of stroke.
在诸如中风等血栓炎症性疾病中，中性粒细胞和血小板表现出多种功能。大多数脑缺血事件是由潜在致病条件（如高血压、糖尿病、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停、冠状动脉疾病、心房颤动、病态肥胖、血脂异常和镰状细胞病）继发的长期慢性炎症引起的。中性粒细胞可以通过许多效应功能，包括中性粒细胞胞外陷阱、丝氨酸蛋白酶和活性氧，以及促消退内源性分子（如膜联蛋白A1）来引发和解决脑血管炎症。与中性粒细胞一样，血小板在调节脑血管炎症中也发挥着促炎和抗炎作用。这些无核细胞是中风发病机制的核心，可通过粘附于缺氧的脑内皮细胞引发缺血事件，最终导致聚集和血栓形成。在本文中，我们回顾并强调了中性粒细胞和血小板在缺血性中风中不断演变的作用，并讨论了可能产生可行的预防和治疗中风疗法的正在进行的临床前和临床策略。
