1Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
2Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
J Behav Addict. 2020 Jun 26;9(2):272-288. doi: 10.1556/2006.2020.00033. Print 2020 Jun.
Changes in the nomenclature of addictions suggest a significant shift in the conceptualization of addictions, where non-substance related behaviors can also be classified as addictions. A large amount of data provides empirical evidence that there are overlaps of different types of addictive behaviors in etiology, phenomenology, and in the underlying psychological and biological mechanisms. Our aim was to investigate the co-occurrences of a wide range of substance use and behavioral addictions.
The present epidemiological analysis was carried out as part of the Psychological and Genetic Factors of the Addictive Behaviors (PGA) Study, where data were collected from 3,003 adolescents and young adults (42.6% males; mean age 21 years). Addictions to psychoactive substances and behaviors were rigorously assessed.
Data is provided on lifetime occurrences of the assessed substance uses, their co-occurrences, the prevalence estimates of specific behavioral addictions, and co-occurrences of different substance use and potentially addictive behaviors. Associations were found between (i) smoking and problematic Internet use, exercising, eating disorders, and gambling (ii) alcohol consumption and problematic Internet use, problematic online gaming, gambling, and eating disorders, and (iii) cannabis use and problematic online gaming and gambling.
The results suggest a large overlap between the occurrence of these addictions and behaviors and underlies the importance of investigating the possible common psychological, genetic and neural pathways. These data further support concepts such as the Reward Deficiency Syndrome and the component model of addictions that propose a common phenomenological and etiological background of different addictive and related behaviors.
成瘾命名法的变化表明，成瘾概念发生了重大转变，非物质相关行为也可被归类为成瘾。大量数据提供了经验证据，表明不同类型的成瘾行为在病因学、表现和潜在的心理及生物学机制方面存在重叠。我们的目的是调查广泛的物质使用和行为成瘾的共病情况。
本流行病学分析是心理和遗传因素对成瘾行为（PGA）研究的一部分，该研究从 3003 名青少年和年轻人（42.6%为男性；平均年龄 21 岁）中收集数据。对精神活性物质和行为成瘾进行了严格评估。
提供了评估的物质使用终生发生情况、共病情况、特定行为成瘾的流行率估计值以及不同物质使用和潜在成瘾行为的共病情况。发现以下关联：（i）吸烟与网络问题使用、运动、饮食障碍和赌博有关；（ii）饮酒与网络问题使用、网络成瘾、赌博和饮食障碍有关；（iii）大麻使用与网络成瘾和赌博有关。
这些结果表明这些成瘾和行为的发生存在很大重叠，这突显了研究可能存在的共同心理、遗传和神经途径的重要性。这些数据进一步支持了奖励缺失综合征和成瘾的组成部分模型等概念，这些概念提出了不同成瘾和相关行为的共同表现和病因背景。
