Loi Martina, Glazunova Olga, Fedorova Tatyana, Logrieco Antonio F, Mulè Giuseppina
Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy.
A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
J Fungi (Basel). 2021 Dec 7;7(12):1048. doi: 10.3390/jof7121048.
Enzymatic catalysis is one of the main pillars of sustainability for industrial production. Enzyme application allows minimization of the use of toxic solvents and to valorize the agro-industrial residues through reuse. In addition, they are safe and energy efficient. Nonetheless, their use in biotechnological processes is still hindered by the cost, stability, and low rate of recycling and reuse. Among the many industrial enzymes, fungal laccases (LCs) are perfect candidates to serve as a biotechnological tool as they are outstanding, versatile catalytic oxidants, only requiring molecular oxygen to function. LCs are able to degrade phenolic components of lignin, allowing them to efficiently reuse the lignocellulosic biomass for the production of enzymes, bioactive compounds, or clean energy, while minimizing the use of chemicals. Therefore, this review aims to give an overview of fungal LC, a promising green and sustainable enzyme, its mechanism of action, advantages, disadvantages, and solutions for its use as a tool to reduce the environmental and economic impact of industrial processes with a particular insight on the reuse of agro-wastes.
酶催化是工业生产可持续性的主要支柱之一。酶的应用能够尽量减少有毒溶剂的使用，并通过再利用使农业工业残渣增值。此外，它们安全且节能。尽管如此，酶在生物技术过程中的应用仍然受到成本、稳定性以及低回收和再利用率的阻碍。在众多工业酶中，真菌漆酶是作为生物技术工具的理想候选者，因为它们是出色的多功能催化氧化剂，仅需分子氧即可发挥作用。漆酶能够降解木质素的酚类成分，从而使木质纤维素生物质能够有效地用于酶、生物活性化合物或清洁能源的生产，同时尽量减少化学品的使用。因此，本综述旨在概述真菌漆酶这一有前景的绿色可持续酶，其作用机制、优缺点以及将其用作减少工业过程对环境和经济影响的工具的解决方案，特别关注农业废弃物的再利用。
