Department of Conservative Dentistry, Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Institute of Medical Biometry, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 15;18(24):13219. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182413219.
To date, there is little evidence on centenarians' dental and prosthetic status or their oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess possible associations between sociodemographic and oral health factors, including prosthetic needs in this special age group and their potential influence on OHRQoL. Persons born before 1920 were recruited from population registries in south-western Germany. Fifty-five centenarians participated and underwent a comprehensive oral examination. Cognitive capacity was evaluated using the short Mini-Mental State Examination (S-MMSE, max. 21 points). At an S-MMSE > 10, an analysis of OHRQoL by means of the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (max. ADD-GOHAI score 60 points) was performed (n = 43). Bivariate statistics and a linear regression model were used after variable selection to analyze data. Centenarians presented with a mean (SD) of 22 (7.2) missing teeth. Complete (65.5%) or partial dentures (21.8%) in at least one jaw were most common. One-third of the dentures needed repair/replacement; 16% of the centenarians presented with denture sores. In 60% of cases, OHRQoL was rated unsatisfactory (ADD-GOHAI < 57). Trouble biting or chewing resulted in the lowest levels of OHRQoL. Fewer remaining teeth, reduced functional capacity and removable prostheses correlated with an impaired OHRQoL (r = -0.36, = 0.01; r = -0.34, = 0.01; r = -0.29, = 0.03, respectively). After variable selection, the final linear regression model included only the number of missing teeth, the associated ADD-GOHAI score decreasing by 0.3 points per missing tooth. In conclusion, tooth loss and removable prostheses in need of repair or replacement are highly prevalent in centenarians. These factors seem to modulate OHRQoL negatively, assumedly due to impaired chewing function. Larger confirmatory studies are needed to validate these first results.
迄今为止，关于百岁老人的牙齿和义齿状况或与口腔健康相关的生活质量（OHRQoL）几乎没有证据。因此，本研究旨在评估社会人口统计学和口腔健康因素之间的可能关联，包括该特殊年龄段的义齿需求及其对 OHRQoL 的潜在影响。从德国西南部的人口登记册中招募了 1920 年前出生的人。有 55 名百岁老人参加了研究，并接受了全面的口腔检查。使用简短的 Mini-Mental State Examination（S-MMSE，最高 21 分）评估认知能力。在 S-MMSE > 10 的情况下，通过使用老年人口腔健康评估指数（ADD-GOHAI，最高 60 分）分析 OHRQoL（n = 43）。经过变量选择后，使用双变量统计和线性回归模型对数据进行分析。百岁老人平均（SD）缺失 22（7.2）颗牙齿。至少在一个颌骨中有完整（65.5%）或部分义齿（21.8%）最为常见。三分之一的义齿需要修理/更换；16%的百岁老人有义齿溃疡。在 60%的情况下，口腔健康生活质量被评为不满意（ADD-GOHAI < 57）。咀嚼或咀嚼困难导致口腔健康生活质量最低。剩余牙齿较少、功能能力下降和可摘义齿与口腔健康生活质量受损相关（r = -0.36， = 0.01；r = -0.34， = 0.01；r = -0.29， = 0.03）。经过变量选择，最终的线性回归模型仅包括缺失牙齿的数量，每缺失一颗牙齿，相关的 ADD-GOHAI 评分减少 0.3 分。总之，百岁老人中牙齿缺失和需要修理或更换的可摘义齿非常普遍。这些因素似乎会对口腔健康生活质量产生负面影响，原因可能是咀嚼功能受损。需要更大的验证性研究来验证这些初步结果。
