Duk Maria, Kanapin Alexander, Rozhmina Tatyana, Bankin Mikhail, Surkova Svetlana, Samsonova Anastasia, Samsonova Maria
Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Centre for Computational Biology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
Front Plant Sci. 2021 Dec 7;12:764612. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.764612. eCollection 2021.
Genetic diversity in a breeding program is essential to overcome modern-day environmental challenges faced by humanity and produce robust, resilient crop cultivars with improved agronomic characteristics, as well as to trace crop domestication history. Flax (), one of the first crops domesticated by mankind, has been traditionally cultivated for fiber as well as for medicinal purposes and as a nutritional product. The origins of fiber flax are hidden in the mists of time and can be hypothetically traced back to either the Indo-Afghan region or Fertile Crescent. To shed new light on fiber flax genetic diversity and breeding history, in this study, we presented a comprehensive analysis of the core collection of flax (306 accessions) of different morphotypes and geographic origins maintained by the Russian Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops. We observed significant population differentiation between oilseed and fiber morphotypes, as well as mapped genomic regions affected by recent breeding efforts. We also sought to unravel the origins of kryazhs, Russian heritage landraces, and their genetic relatedness to modern fiber flax cultivars. For the first time, our results provide strong genetic evidence in favor of the hypothesis on kryazh's mixed origin from both the Indo-Afghan diversity center and Fertile Crescent. Finally, we showed predominant contribution from Russian landraces and kryazhs into the ancestry of modern fiber flax varieties. Taken together, these findings may have practical implications on the development of new improved flax varieties with desirable traits that give farmers greater choice in crop management and meet the aspirations of breeders.
育种计划中的遗传多样性对于应对人类当今面临的环境挑战、培育具有改良农艺性状的强健且有韧性的作物品种，以及追溯作物驯化历史至关重要。亚麻是人类最早驯化的作物之一，传统上一直用于纤维生产、药用以及作为营养产品。纤维亚麻的起源已湮没在历史的迷雾中，据推测可追溯到印度 - 阿富汗地区或新月沃地。为了揭示纤维亚麻的遗传多样性和育种历史，在本研究中，我们对俄罗斯联邦韧皮纤维作物研究中心保存的不同形态类型和地理起源的亚麻核心种质库（306份种质）进行了全面分析。我们观察到油用型和纤维型之间存在显著的群体分化，并绘制了受近期育种努力影响的基因组区域。我们还试图解开俄罗斯传统地方品种kryazhs的起源及其与现代纤维亚麻品种的遗传关系。我们的结果首次提供了有力的遗传证据，支持kryazh起源于印度 - 阿富汗多样性中心和新月沃地的混合起源假说。最后，我们表明俄罗斯地方品种和kryazhs对现代纤维亚麻品种的祖先有主要贡献。综上所述，这些发现可能对培育具有理想性状的新型改良亚麻品种具有实际意义，使农民在作物管理方面有更多选择，并满足育种者的期望。
