Cao Lei, Zhu Yuqin, Wang Weiju, Wang Gaoxiong, Zhang Shuaishuai, Cheng Hongwei
Department of Pathology, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China.
Department of Pathology, Qingyuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Qingyuan, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021 Dec 7;9:798882. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.798882. eCollection 2021.
Drug resistance is the most significant causes of cancer chemotherapy failure. Various mechanisms of drug resistance include tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, changes at cellular levels, genetic factors, and other mechanisms. In recent years, more attention has been paid to tumor resistance mechanisms and countermeasures. Nanomedicine is an emerging treatment platform, focusing on alternative drug delivery and improved therapeutic effectiveness while reducing side effects on normal tissues. Here, we reviewed the principal forms of drug resistance and the new possibilities that nanomaterials offer for overcoming these therapeutic barriers. Novel nanomaterials based on tumor types are an excellent modality to equalize drug resistance that enables gain more rational and flexible drug selectivity for individual patient treatment. With the emergence of advanced designs and alternative drug delivery strategies with different nanomaterials, overcome of multidrug resistance shows promising and opens new horizons for cancer therapy. This review discussed different mechanisms of drug resistance and recent advances in nanotechnology-based therapeutic strategies to improve the sensitivity and effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs, aiming to show the advantages of nanomaterials in overcoming of drug resistance for tumor chemotherapy, which could accelerate the development of personalized medicine.
耐药性是癌症化疗失败的最主要原因。耐药的各种机制包括肿瘤异质性、肿瘤微环境、细胞水平变化、遗传因素及其他机制。近年来，人们对肿瘤耐药机制及应对措施给予了更多关注。纳米医学是一个新兴的治疗平台，专注于替代药物递送并提高治疗效果，同时减少对正常组织的副作用。在此，我们综述了耐药的主要形式以及纳米材料为克服这些治疗障碍所带来的新可能性。基于肿瘤类型的新型纳米材料是一种平衡耐药性的极佳方式，能够为个体患者治疗实现更合理、灵活的药物选择性。随着先进设计以及不同纳米材料的替代药物递送策略的出现，克服多药耐药显示出前景，并为癌症治疗开辟了新视野。本综述讨论了耐药的不同机制以及基于纳米技术的治疗策略的最新进展，以提高化疗药物的敏感性和有效性，旨在展示纳米材料在克服肿瘤化疗耐药性方面的优势，这可加速个性化医学的发展。
