Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, India.
Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, India.
Molecules. 2022 Oct 5;27(19):6608. doi: 10.3390/molecules27196608.
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality around the globe and is likely to become the major cause of global death in the coming years. As per World Health Organization (WHO) report, every year there are over 10 and 9 million new cases and deaths from this disease. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery are the three basic approaches to treating cancer. These approaches are aiming at eradicating all cancer cells with minimum off-target effects on other cell types. Most drugs have serious adverse effects due to the lack of target selectivity. On the other hand, resistance to already available drugs has emerged as a major obstacle in cancer chemotherapy, allowing cancer to proliferate irrespective of the chemotherapeutic agent. Consequently, it leads to multidrug resistance (MDR), a growing concern in the scientific community. To overcome this problem, in recent years, nanotechnology-based drug therapies have been explored and have shown great promise in overcoming resistance, with most nano-based drugs being explored at the clinical level. Through this review, we try to explain various mechanisms involved in multidrug resistance in cancer and the role nanotechnology has played in overcoming or reversing this resistance.
癌症是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一，并且很可能在未来几年成为全球主要的死亡原因。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的报告，每年有超过 1000 万和 900 万新病例和死亡。化疗、放疗和手术是治疗癌症的三种基本方法。这些方法旨在消除所有癌细胞，同时对其他细胞类型的影响最小。由于缺乏靶向选择性，大多数药物都有严重的副作用。另一方面，已经存在的药物的耐药性已成为癌症化疗中的主要障碍，使癌症能够不受化疗药物的影响而增殖。因此，这导致了多药耐药性（MDR），这是科学界日益关注的问题。为了解决这个问题，近年来，基于纳米技术的药物治疗方法已经得到了探索，并在克服耐药性方面显示出了巨大的潜力，大多数基于纳米的药物都在临床水平上进行了探索。通过这篇综述，我们试图解释癌症中多药耐药性涉及的各种机制，以及纳米技术在克服或逆转这种耐药性方面所起的作用。
