粗大运动协调能力:我们遇到了一个问题!一项针对青少年(6 - 13岁)儿童身体协调测试的研究

Gross Motor Coordination: We Have a Problem! A Study With the Körperkoordinations Test für Kinder in Youth (6-13 Years).

作者信息

Giuriato Matteo, Biino Valentina, Bellafiore Marianna, Battaglia Giuseppe, Palma Antonio, Baldari Carlo, Guidetti Laura, Gallotta Maria Chiara, Schena Federico, Lanza Massimo

机构信息

Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.

Unit of Molecular Biology, Department of Health and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Physical Culture, University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland.

出版信息

Front Pediatr. 2021 Dec 10;9:785990. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.785990. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

The main goal of our cross-sectional research was to determine the current values of gross motor coordination (GMC) of Italian boys and girls between 6 and 13 years of age. Secondary goals were to study gender differences, and the four subtests trend with ages. Results were compared with the references proposed by KTK authors and with similar searches. Anthropometric measurements and KTK data from 2,206 schoolchildren (girls: = 1,050; boys: = 1,156) were collected. The KTK raw score (RS) increased with the age of the subjects ( = 0.678; < 0.001). In 11-13-year-old subjects, the increase in results is less than in younger subjects. RS showed differences by gender ( = 5.899; = 0.015) and age ( = 269.193; < 0.001) without interaction gender × age. Motor quotient (MQ) tended to decrease with age ( = -0.148; < 0.001); it showed differences by gender ( = 79.228; < 0.001), age ( = 14.217; < 0.001), and an interaction gender × age ( = 2.249; < 0.05). Boys showed better performance than did girls in the raw scores of three of four subtests (JS: = 24.529; MS: = 9.052; HH: = 11.105). Girls show better performances than did boys in the WB ( = 14.52). Differences between genders make us believe it appropriate to maintain a differentiated standardization. RS increased with age, and it seems reasonable, therefore, to maintain a GMC age-based normalization. On the contrary, MQ tended to decrease. All this makes us speculate that today's young people accumulate less significant motor experiences over the years compared to those achieved by their peers in the 1970s. Italian data were lower than German references and Belgian results but slightly higher than the Brazilian ones. The comparison among these four searches confirmed a worrying downward trend in GMC and its characterization by geographical and sociocultural areas. Updated parameters of the KTK can provide helpful references to improve policies to support physical activity, sport, and physical education in youth.

摘要

我们横断面研究的主要目标是确定6至13岁意大利男孩和女孩的大肌肉协调性(GMC)当前值。次要目标是研究性别差异以及四个子测试随年龄的变化趋势。将结果与KTK作者提出的参考标准以及类似研究进行比较。收集了2206名学童(女孩:1050名;男孩:1156名)的人体测量数据和KTK数据。KTK原始分数(RS)随受试者年龄增加(=0.678;<0.001)。在11至13岁的受试者中,结果的增长低于年龄较小的受试者。RS显示出性别差异(=5.899;=0.015)和年龄差异(=269.193;<0.001),不存在性别×年龄的交互作用。运动商数(MQ)倾向于随年龄下降(=-0.148;<0.001);它显示出性别差异(=79.228;<0.001)、年龄差异(=14.217;<0.001)以及性别×年龄的交互作用(=2.249;<0.05)。在四个子测试中的三个原始分数方面,男孩表现优于女孩(JS:=24.529;MS:=9.052;HH:=11.105)。女孩在WB方面表现优于男孩(=14.52)。性别差异使我们认为保持差异化的标准化是合适的。RS随年龄增加,因此,保持基于年龄的GMC标准化似乎是合理的。相反,MQ倾向于下降。所有这些使我们推测,与20世纪70年代同龄人相比,如今的年轻人多年来积累的重要运动体验更少。意大利的数据低于德国的参考标准和比利时的结果,但略高于巴西的数据。这四项研究之间的比较证实了GMC令人担忧的下降趋势及其在地理和社会文化区域的特征。更新后的KTK参数可为改进支持青少年体育活动、运动和体育教育的政策提供有用的参考。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/261d/8704119/408cb8cb8108/fped-09-785990-g0001.jpg

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